Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile in infants in Oxfordshire, UK: Risk factors for colonization and carriage, and genetic overlap with regional C. difficile infection strains

Stoesser, Nicole; Eyre, David W; Quan, T Phuong; Godwin, Heather; Pill, Gemma; Mbuvi, Emily; Vaughan, Alison; Griffiths, David; Martin, Jessica; Fawley, Warren N.; Dingle, Kate E.; Oakley, Sarah; Wanelik, Kazimierz; Finney, Jack W.; Kachrimanidou, Melina; Moore, Catrin E.; Gorbach, Sherwood L.; Riley, Thomas V.; Crook, Derrick W.; Peto, Tim; Wilcox, Mark H.; Walker, A. Sarah

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182307

Cited by 75 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Three ribotypes (RTs) and strain types (STs) ( Table 1), which have all been described in human patients with CDI around the world, were obtained [32,33]. Our results corroborate the findings of recent studies, which have shown substantial similarities between human and dog C. difficile isolates, suggesting possible zoonotic transmission [34,35]. The present study indicated a possible association between CDI and food-responsive diarrhea in dogs.…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

Clostridioides difficile infection in dogs with chronic-recurring diarrhea responsive to dietary changes

et al. 2018

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Five dogs with chronic-recurring diarrhea were positive for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), but were unresponsive to treatment with metronidazole. One of these animals was subjected to a colonoscopy, which revealed eosinophilic infiltration of the colon. All five animals completely recovered after dietary changes. The present work suggests that CDI might occur in dogs with other intestinal alterations. In addition, this report suggests that dysbiosis should be considered in animals that have chronic-recurring diarrhea and test positive for C. difficile.

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supporting

confidence: 89%

Clostridioides difficile infection in dogs with chronic-recurring diarrhea responsive to dietary changes

et al. 2018

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“…That dogs and other pets can commonly be colonized with C. difficile in a domestic environment and can represent a possible source of community associate CDI has already been demonstrated (Loo, Brassard, & Miller, ; Stone et al., ; Weese et al., ). Also, dogs were identified as a novel risk factor for C. difficile colonization in infants (Stoesser et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissemination of Clostridium difficile spores between environment and households: Dog paws and shoes

Janežič

Mlakar

Rupnik

2018

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium that causes intestinal infections. Although C. difficile is still predominantly considered as a nosocomial pathogen, there has been an increase in the number of community-associated infections. Since C. difficile is ubiquitous and can be isolated from nearly any environment, one of the possibilities for community acquisition could be exposure to spores in the domestic environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of C. difficile spores on shoes, slippers and on dog paws and to explore the importance of these surfaces as vectors for the dissemination of C. difficile in a domestic environment. Overall, C. difficile was present in 14 (70%) of 20 households and in 31 of 90 (34%) collected samples. Shoes and slippers had the highest positivity rates, 19 of 44 (43%) and 6 of 21 (28%), respectively, followed by dog paws 6 of 25 (24%). Thirteen C. difficilePCR ribotypes were identified with half of the isolates belonging to ribotype 014/020, which is the predominant type circulating in human population and is also commonly found in the environment (e.g. soil and water) in Slovenia. In three households, identical PCR ribotypes were found on dog paws, shoes and slippers. To understand the fine-scale genetic relatedness of these isolates, we sequenced the genomes. Low level of single nucleotide variant (SNV) differences between isolates from the same households, consistent with a recent transmission from a common source, were seen for isolates of PCR ribotype 014/020 but not for PCR ribotype 010. Our results suggest that shoe soles and dog paws could serve for the dissemination of C. difficile spores between households and environment and could contribute to community-relevant sources for C. difficile infection in humans.

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“…In dogs, several studies report C. difficile as a cause of canine acute or chronic diarrhea [15,61]. In addition to its importance as a canine enteropathogen, recent studies have shown a high similarity between C. difficile isolates from humans and companion animals, suggesting a possible zoonotic transmission [62,63].…”

Section: Clostridioides Difficilementioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal shedding of Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens, and Clostridioides difficile in dogs fed raw meat-based diets in Brazil and their owners’ motivation

et al. 2020

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The present study aimed to explore the motivations of Brazilian dog owners and their knowledge about the risks related to raw meat-based diets (RMBD) as well as to evaluate important enteropathogens such as Salmonella spp., C. perfringens, and C. difficile, in feces of dogs fed different diets. The majority of the pet owners (69.3%) reported to have chosen this diet for their dogs, considering it to be more "natural". A large number of owners declared that RMBD do not pose health risks for their animals (87.9%) or humans (98.8%), even though almost one third of the respondents (34.8%) declared having at least one individual at high risk of infection in contact with RMBD-fed dogs. Stool samples from 46 RMBD-fed dogs and 192 dogs fed commercial dry feed were collected. The present study revealed that dogs fed raw meat diets were almost 30 times more likely to be positive for Salmonella spp. than dogs on a conventional diet. Some of the serovars detected were commonly associated with human salmonellosis, such as S. Typhimurium and S. Saintpaul, and were multidrug resistant. RMBD-fed dogs were more likely to be positive for C. perfringens type A (p = 0.008) and one C. perfringens type F was isolated from these animals. Two toxigenic strains (4.3%) of C. difficile were isolated only from raw meat-fed dogs, all of which were under antibiotic therapy. These toxigenic C. difficile isolates were classified as RT106/ST54 and RT600/ST149, previously associated with infection in dogs and humans. The present work revealed that the owners have a tendency to ignore or are unaware of the risks associated with raw meat diets for dogs. Also, the higher fecal shedding of important enteropathogens in dogs fed RMBD suggests that this diet poses a risk for the animals and the people in contact with them. OPEN ACCESS Citation: Viegas FM, Ramos CP, Xavier RGC, Lopes EO, Júnior CAO, Bagno RM, et al. (2020) Fecal shedding of Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens, and Clostridioides difficile in dogs fed raw meat-based diets in Brazil and their owners' motivation. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231275. https://

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Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile in infants in Oxfordshire, UK: Risk factors for colonization and carriage, and genetic overlap with regional C. difficile infection strains

Cited by 75 publications

References 39 publications

Clostridioides difficile infection in dogs with chronic-recurring diarrhea responsive to dietary changes

Clostridioides difficile infection in dogs with chronic-recurring diarrhea responsive to dietary changes

Dissemination of Clostridium difficile spores between environment and households: Dog paws and shoes

Fecal shedding of Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens, and Clostridioides difficile in dogs fed raw meat-based diets in Brazil and their owners’ motivation

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