Epidemiology of chronic venous ulcers

Baker, Stephen R.; Stacey, Michael; Jopp-Mckay, A.G.; Hoskin, S.E.; Thompson, Pamela J.

doi:10.1002/bjs.1800780729

Cited by 350 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…All of them were related to chronic venous insufficiency, as suggested by Burton. 16 With respect to ulcer localization, the present authors chose to adopt the zone scheme introduced by Baker et al 8 The majority of ulcers (73%) involved zone 2 alone, which was a lower result than what the authors found (84%). By summing the number of ulcers that involve zone 2 alone and those associated with other zones, the frequency of involvement for zone 2 reached 90%, which comes close to Baker's findings (90.1%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…As for localization, the lower limb was divided into zones, as proposed by Baker et al (1991), 8 namely: Zone 1 (area corresponding to the foot), Zone 2 (area including the distal half of the leg and ankle) and Zone 3 (proximal half of the leg) (Figure 1). One hundred and sixty-nine ulcers were analyzed, with the medial and lateral faces for zones 2 and 3, and the dorsal and plantar regions for zone 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Úlcera de perna: um estudo de casos em Juiz de Fora-MG (Brasil) e região

Frade

Cursi

Andrade

et al. 2005

An. Bras. Dermatol.

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BACKGROUND: Leg ulcers are characterized as tissue loss in the lower extremities, generally caused by vascular dysfunction. OBJECTIVES: Verify the clinical and epidemiological profiles of the population sample with leg ulcers treated at the health centers of Juiz de Fora (Brazil). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 124 leg-wound patients were evaluated between January 1999 and August 2001 and submitted to a clinical protocol. RESULTS: The mean age was 64 years, with females in the majority (65.3%). The mean family composition was 3.7 persons, and family income was around US$200.00 (86.8%). Venous insufficiency (90.3%), systemic arterial hypertension (54%), obesity (20.2%) and diabetes mellitus (16.1%) were the most frequent events associated with the ulcers. An association of venous insufficiency and arterial hypertension was frequent in 43.7% of the sample, and significant (p<0.01) to predisposition to the ulcers. These were classified as venous (79%), hypertensive (15.4%), mixed and other (5.6%). The ulcers were generally localized in the distal third of legs (90%) and considered large (>5 cm) in about 90% of the sample, with means of 8.7 cm and 9.6 cm to vertical and horizontal axes, respectively. The ulcers were accompanied mainly by hyperpigmentation (92.7%), lipodermatosclerosis (68.5%) and varicose veins (66.9%), with a mean duration of 94.2 months and 50% of them recurrent. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggested that leg ulcer is an important chronic disease in the elderly and poor population of Juiz de Fora and region. Keywords: Aged; Income; Family income; Leg ulcers/ epidemiology; Varicose veins. Resumo: FUNDAMENTOS: Úlcera de perna (UP) caracteriza-se por perda do tegumento nas extremidades dos membros inferiores causada geral

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Úlcera de perna: um estudo de casos em Juiz de Fora-MG (Brasil) e região

Frade

Cursi

Andrade

et al. 2005

An. Bras. Dermatol.

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“…Venous ulcers are chronic and recurrent; according to patient recall, up to 50% of venous ulcers may be present for 7 to 9 months, between 8% and 34% may be present for more than 5 years, and between 67% and 75% of patients have recurrent ulcers. 18,19 The association of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) with chronic leg edema, pigmentation, and ulceration is well established as the "postphlebitic syndrome." Several uncontrolled, prospective studies have examined the relation between DVT and the development of CVI.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Natural Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some studies, fewer than one third of the patients have a history compatible with DVT or phlebitis, and in others, no more than 50% of patients with CVI have postthrombotic changes noted on venography. 19,24,30 In addition, up to 40% of patients with DVT will develop signs of CVI in the opposite, uninvolved limb. 22 Other conditions that may be important in the development of CVI include previous leg injury or surgery, primary valve or venous wall degeneration, congenital absence of valves, and arteriovenous shunts.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Natural Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Venous Ulceration

Alguire

Mathes

1997

J Gen Intern Med

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OBJECTIVE:To review and summarize the literature on the normal venous circulation of the leg, and the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI).DATA SOURCES: English-language articles identified through a MEDLINE search using the terms venous insufficiency or varicose ulcer and epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and clinical trial (pt), and selected cross-references. STUDY SELECTION:Articles on epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of CVI. Randomized, controlled studies were specifically sought for treatment efficacy. DATA EXTRACTION:Data were manually extracted from selected studies and reviews; emphasis was placed on information relevant to the general internist. pproximately 5 million people in the United States exhibit some evidence of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and between 400,000 and 500,000 of these individuals have or will develop a venous leg ulcer. 1-3 The signs of CVI include engorgement of the cutaneous veins and dependent edema in mildly affected patients to pigmentation, dermatitis, and ulceration in the more severe cases. Although most patients are asymptomatic, others have leg heaviness and aching or recurrent and recalcitrant leg ulcers punctuated by bouts of cellulitis. These more severe cases are associated with recurrent hospitalization, high health-care costs, and disability. 4,5 Venous insufficiency with trophic skin changes or ulceration is a frustrating problem, which many physicians approach with a sense of ennui. This may be due to the chronic and remitting nature of the problem, the need for lifestyle modification, inconvenient therapies, and contradictory information regarding medical and surgical management. Nevertheless, CVI, including ulceration, is a manageable problem. The purpose of this review is to present the normal anatomy and physiology of the venous circulation and to summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of CVI. DATA SYNTHESIS: METHODSA MEDLINE search for relevant English-language articles published between 1966 and 1996 was completed using the following MeSH terms: venous insufficiency or varicose ulcer and epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and clinical trial (pt). When selecting articles on treatment, randomized, controlled trials were reviewed whenever possible. Emphasis was placed on reviewing articles with clinical relevance for internal medicine physicians. ANATOMY AND NORMAL PHYSIOLOGYVenous blood from the skin and subcutaneous fat is collected in a system of superficial venules and veins that drain toward the deep venous system underneath the fascia via three major pathways: (1) through the long or short saphenous veins, which join the deep system at the saphenofemoral and saphenopopliteal junctions; (2) through the perforating veins originating from the long or short saphenous veins or their branches; or (3) directly into the deep venous system or bypass the deep system entirely and enter the pelvis. 6 Deep veins are categorized as either intramuscular or intermuscular; o...

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“…Leg ulcers are often painful and debilitating and about 1.8 per 1000 population develop the condition [1]. Long healing periods cause major costs in treatment for the National Health Service in the United Kingdom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer assisted assessment of wound appearance using digital imaging

Hoppe

Wertheim

Melhuish³

et al.

2001 Conference Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

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-This paper describes a digital image processing system for the analysis of colour in wound images under clinical conditions. The system uses a 3CCD array digital video camera together with a colour scale for reference. The accuracy of colour assessment was compared with clinicians' assessment of the amount of slough (necrotic tissue) in digital images. The system was found to be within the range of 10% in describing red hue values in red colour patches between different clinical sessions. There was agreement in 75% of the cases between clinicians' assessment of the amount of slough and a computer assessment using digital imaging. However, colour may not be sufficient to describe wound appearance accurately.

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Epidemiology of chronic venous ulcers

Cited by 350 publications

References 7 publications

Úlcera de perna: um estudo de casos em Juiz de Fora-MG (Brasil) e região

Úlcera de perna: um estudo de casos em Juiz de Fora-MG (Brasil) e região

Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Venous Ulceration

Computer assisted assessment of wound appearance using digital imaging

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