Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Viegi, Giovanni; Scognamiglio, Antonio; Baldacci, Sandra; Pistelli, Francesco; Carrozzi, Laura

doi:10.1159/000050456

Cited by 220 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In addition to the deleterious changes in lung function induced by intrinsic ageing processes, environmentally-linked pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and emphysema become increasingly prevalent with age (Viegi et al 2001). COPD is characterised by a loss of elastin from the alveolar wall (Merrilees et al 2008) and the ensuing progressive emphysema induces by alveolar enlargement, perenchymal destruction and loss of lung elasticity (Robbesom et al 2008).…”

Section: Pulmonarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue elasticity and the ageing elastic fibre

Sherratt

2009

AGE

265

189

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The ability of elastic tissues to deform under physiological forces and to subsequently release stored energy to drive passive recoil is vital to the function of many dynamic tissues. Within vertebrates, elastic fibres allow arteries and lungs to expand and contract, thus controlling variations in blood pressure and returning the pulmonary system to a resting state. Elastic fibres are composite structures composed of a cross-linked elastin core and an outer layer of fibrillin microfibrils. These two components perform distinct roles; elastin stores energy and drives passive recoil, whilst fibrillin microfibrils direct elastogenesis, mediate cell signalling, maintain tissue homeostasis via TGFβ sequestration and potentially act to reinforce the elastic fibre. In many tissues reduced elasticity, as a result of compromised elastic fibre function, becomes increasingly prevalent with age and contributes significantly to the burden of human morbidity and mortality. This review considers how the unique molecular structure, tissue distribution and longevity of elastic fibres pre-disposes these abundant extracellular matrix structures to the accumulation of damage in ageing dermal, pulmonary and vascular tissues. As compromised elasticity is a common feature of ageing dynamic tissues, the development of strategies to prevent, limit or reverse this loss of function will play a key role in reducing age-related morbidity and mortality.

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Section: Pulmonarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue elasticity and the ageing elastic fibre

Sherratt

2009

AGE

265

189

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“…Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the 5 th most prevalent disease worldwide [1]. Emphysema, a component of COPD, is characterized by the dilation of airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, due to a destruction and irreversible loss of alveolar septa resulting in airflow limitation [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emphysema, a component of COPD, is characterized by the dilation of airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, due to a destruction and irreversible loss of alveolar septa resulting in airflow limitation [2]. The vast majority of individuals with emphysema have a history of smoking, however, only a small proportion of smokers develop emphysema [1]. Clearly, additional environmental and genetic factors have a substantial influence on disease development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection leads to the development of emphysema associated with the induction of alternatively activated macrophages

et al. 2008

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the 5 th most prevalent disease worldwide leading to severe morbidity and mortality in developed countries. The disease is strongly associated with smoking, and can be characterized by progressive and irreversible deterioration in lung function and destruction of the lung parenchyma. We show here that infection with the hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis results in deterioration in lung function, destruction of alveoli and long-term airways hyperresponsiveness, consistent with COPD and emphysema. N. brasiliensis infection leads to chronic low level hemorrhaging in the lung and the presence of hemosiderinladen macrophages in the absence of an overt inflammatory infiltrate. Microarray analysis of gene expression in diseased lungs and quantitative RT-PCR analysis of purified macrophages revealed a state of prolonged tissue injury and the presence of alternatively activated macrophages producing MMP-12. Taken together, these data show that lung tissue damage caused by hookworm infection can result in the development of COPD and emphysema.

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“…COPD is affected by several factors such as sex (Thom 1989; National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 2001), age (Viegi 2001), smoking (Silverman and Speizer 1996), and occupation (Hnizdo et al 2002;Marget et al 2002). In particular, COPD is strongly associated with smoking and was thought to be the leading cause of death attributable to smoking in the world in 2000 (Ezzati and Lopez 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Japanese People on Medical Check-Up

Takemura

Hida

Sasaki

et al. 2005

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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In Japan, spirometry has not been included as an item in medical check-ups for all persons. The purpose of this study was to show evidence to recommend spirometry routinely on medical check-up for the early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There were 12,760 enrolled persons who underwent medical check-up. COPD was defined as a ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to slow vital capacity of 70% or less. We investigated the prevalence and its characteristics of COPD in people on medical check-up. The prevalence of COPD was 3.6% in all subjects, 4.5% in males, and 1.8% in females. In the comparison between males and females, the prevalence of COPD in males of most age groups was higher than that of females, and this difference was greater with aging. Males in their 50s and over 60 years old and females over 60 years old showed remarkably high prevalences. Occupations associated with a high smoking rate such as transportation-related occupations showed a higher prevalence of COPD. These results suggest that spirometry for all persons in medical check-ups can identify many COPD patients not aware of this disease. Spirometry should be carried out routinely on medical check-up.

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Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Cited by 220 publications

References 55 publications

Tissue elasticity and the ageing elastic fibre

Tissue elasticity and the ageing elastic fibre

Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection leads to the development of emphysema associated with the induction of alternatively activated macrophages

Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Japanese People on Medical Check-Up

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