Epidemiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunting

Bondurant, Charles P.; Jimenez, David F.

doi:10.1159/000120968

Cited by 254 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The prevalence of hydrocephalus in the population is 1-2% (2)(3) . Under normal conditions, CSF is produced by the choroid plexus (1) at a rate of 500 ml/day.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is reabsorbed gradually by a passive process into the venous system via the arachnoid villi (4) (arachnoid granulation). In total, 70,000 cases of hydrocephalus are annually admitted to hospitals in the United States; of these, between 18 and 33,000 will be given CSF shunt devices (3) . Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide (5)(6) , with a prevalence of up to 4.74% (7) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Oculo-peritoneal shunt: draining aqueous humor to the peritoneum

Maldonado-Junyent¹,

Maldonado-Bas²,

González³

et al. 2015

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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“…The prevalence of hydrocephalus in the population is 1-2% (2)(3) . Under normal conditions, CSF is produced by the choroid plexus (1) at a rate of 500 ml/day.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oculo-peritoneal shunt: draining aqueous humor to the peritoneum

Maldonado-Junyent¹,

Maldonado-Bas²,

González³

et al. 2015

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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“…Kongenitalne anomalije centralnog nervnog sistema zauzimaju oko 60% svih klinički značajnih kongenitalnih abnormalnosti (1). Hidrocefalus se javlja u 1/500 dece u opštoj populaciji, i gotovo polovinu čiine prevremeno rodjena deca (2).…”

unclassified

Zdravstvena nega odojčeta sa hidrocefalusom / Case of infant with hidrocefalus by nursing proces

Stojanović-Jovanović¹,

Tripković

2016

SZNJ

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APSTRAKTSavremene metode lečenja neonatalnog hidrocefalusa, još uvek ne daju zadovoljavajuće rezultate. Tretman deteta sa hidrocefalusom zahteva intenzivan nadzor, urgentnu dijagnostiku i terapiju. Sprečavanje komplikacija u pre i postoperativnom toku od vitalnog je značaja za kvalitet života ove dece. To zahteva visok nivo znanja, veću angažovanost, zrelost, odgovornost i sposobnost medicinskih sestara. Primenom metode procesa zdravstvene nege medicinska sestra uočava stanja i potrebe za negom, defi niše sestrinske dijagnoze i cilјeve nege i pravi individualni plan nege. Na osnovu vrednovanja postignutih rezultata rada, može se zaklјučiti koje su sestrinske akcije najefi kasnije u rešavanju problema dece sa hidrocefalusom. Takođe, omogućava sestri da proceni svoju stručnost i kompetenciju. Evaluacija postignutog predstavlјa smernicu za unaprećenje kvaliteta rada. Usavršavanje i razvijanje procesa zdravstvene nege donosi mogućnost kvalitetnijeg rada medicinskih sestara. KLJUČNE REČI UVODKongenitalne anomalije centralnog nervnog sistema zauzimaju oko 60% svih klinički značajnih kongenitalnih abnormalnosti (1). Hidrocefalus se javlja u 1/500 dece u opštoj populaciji, i gotovo polovinu čiine prevremeno rodjena deca (2). Prema podacima Republičkog zavoda za statistiku prosečan broj živorođenih je 70017 na teritoriji naše zemlje za godinu dana. Na osnovu indirektnih statističkih proračuna, pretpostavlja se da se u Republici Srbiji godišnje rađa oko 170-190 dece sa hidrocefalusom, odn. hidrocefalusom i spinom bifi dom (3). Najstariji zapisi o hidrocefalusu vode poreklo iz XVI veka p.n.e., iz perioda tzv. XVIII dinastije; nađeni su na terenima Th ebes nekropolisa, i po egiptologu koji ih je izučavao i preveo nazvani su Edwin Smith hirurški papirusi (4,5). Prvi zapis u kojem se spominje termin "hidrocefalus" kao i lečenje bolesnika sa ovim stanjem je onaj od Aulus Cornelius Celsiusa, iz perioda od 14. do 37. godine n.e. On piše: "Kada se tečnost sakuplja u glavi, treba obrijati poglavinu i na nju postaviti melem od slačice kako bi koža ulcerisala. Ako se to ne dogodi, onda nož treba koristiti (scalpello utendum est) (3,4,5). Hidrocefalus defi niše kao "povećanje zapremine cerebrospinalne tečnosti unutar lobanje"(6). Učeestalost IVH kod beba male telesne mase prelazi 50%(7). Hidrocefalus se klasifi kuje na osnovu vremena javljanja na urođeni i stečeni. Urođeni hidrocefalus nastaje kao posledica udruženog delovanja genetskih faktora (Dandy-Walker syndrome,anomalije baze lobanje) i intrauterinih infekcijab(Citomegalo virus, rubela,Toxoplazma gondi), radiacije,korišćenja medikamenata itd. Kongenitalni hidrocefalus se ispoljava na rođenju ili najkasnije do trećeg meseca života. Stečeni nastaje kao posledica tumora, infekcija najčešće meningita, trauma i što je u novorođenačkom dobu, naročito kod prematurusa slučaj, intrakranijalnog krvarenja (8).Savremene metode lečenja neonatalnog hidrocefalusa, još uvek ne daju zadovoljavajuće rezultate. Tretman deteta sa hidrocefalusom zahteva intenzivan nadzor, urgentnu dijagnostiku i t...

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“…1 It accounts for 70,000 hospital admissions annually and the placement of between 18,000 and 33,000 CSF shunts in the United States each year. 2 Because one-third of all shunts fail within 1 year of placement and the manifestations of shunt failure are protean, patients with shunts frequently undergo radiographic evaluation. 3 These evaluations include not only cross-sectional imaging with CT and MR imaging but also plain radiographs of the shunt system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmable CSF Shunt Valves: Radiographic Identification and Interpretation

Lollis¹,

Mamourian²,

Vaccaro³

et al. 2010

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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SUMMARY:The programmable CSF shunt valve has become an important tool in hydrocephalus treatment, particularly in the NPH population and in pediatric patients with complex hydrocephalus. The purpose of this study is to provide a single reference for the identification of programmable shunt valves and the interpretation of programmable shunt valve settings. Four major manufacturers of programmable shunts agreed to participate in this study. Each provided radiographic images and legends for their appropriate interpretation. Issues of MR imaging compatibility for each valve are also discussed.ABBREVIATIONS: H ϭ high; L ϭ low; M ϭ medium; NPH ϭ normal pressure hydrocephalus; P/L ϭ performance levels H ydrocephalus affects between 1% and 2% of the population.1 It accounts for 70,000 hospital admissions annually and the placement of between 18,000 and 33,000 CSF shunts in the United States each year.2 Because one-third of all shunts fail within 1 year of placement and the manifestations of shunt failure are protean, patients with shunts frequently undergo radiographic evaluation.3 These evaluations include not only cross-sectional imaging with CT and MR imaging but also plain radiographs of the shunt system.Most CSF shunts consist of 3 components: a ventricular catheter, a valve, and a distal catheter. A shunt is a completely internalized system, as opposed to an external ventricular drain in which a ventricular catheter drains to a collection system at the bedside. The catheter components of a shunt are made from Silastic (Dow Corning, Midland, Michigan), a form of rubber tubing resistant to breakdown in the body. They are frequently impregnated with radiopaque material to aid in their radiographic visualization. The ventricular catheter sits within 1 of the ventricular spaces in the brain, most commonly the right lateral ventricle. The ventricular catheter is connected to a valve that regulates flow. To counter a siphoning effect associated with upright posture, many shunt systems also include an antisiphon device; this reduces overdrainage when the patient is standing.Historically, shunt valves permitted a fixed amount of CSF drainage. This required the surgeon to select a specific valve for implantation, and if overdrainage or underdrainage resulted, a second operation was required to change the valve. The programmable valve is an important advancement in shunt technology. It provides the option of changing the opening pressure of the valve transcutaneously, most commonly with a device using a coded magnetic field. Although most valves placed in the United States are still fixed-pressure valves, the programmable valve has become an important tool in hydrocephalus treatment, particularly in the NPH population and in pediatric patients with complex hydrocephalus. 4 Patients with NPH often require multiple adjustments of opening pressure to optimize cognitive function and gait stability, while avoiding overdrainage and the secondary subdural effusion. Other patients with hydrocephalus have a very narrow therapeutic w...

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Epidemiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunting

Cited by 254 publications

References 9 publications

Oculo-peritoneal shunt: draining aqueous humor to the peritoneum

Oculo-peritoneal shunt: draining aqueous humor to the peritoneum

Zdravstvena nega odojčeta sa hidrocefalusom / Case of infant with hidrocefalus by nursing proces

Programmable CSF Shunt Valves: Radiographic Identification and Interpretation

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