Epidemiology of cerebral palsy in England and Scotland, 1984-9

Pharoah, P. O. D.; Cooke, Theresa; Johnson, Margaret; King, Rosemary; Mutch, Lesley

doi:10.1136/fn.79.1.f21

Cited by 180 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Low gestational age is a well-known risk factor for CP. [28][29][30][31] We found that the combination of prematurity and infection to have a multiplicative effect on the risk of CP with a 20-fold increase in the risk of CP. This effect held true when we further stratified into very low gestational age infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Maternal Infection and Risk of Cerebral Palsy in Term and Preterm Infants

et al. 2004

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We tested the hypothesis that term and preterm infants exposed to maternal infection at the time of delivery are at increased risk of developing cerebral palsy (CP). STUDY DESIGN:A population-based case-control study was conducted using Washington State birth certificate data linked to hospital discharge data. Cases (688) were children r6 years old, singleton births, hospitalized during 1987 to 1999 with an ICD-9 diagnosis code for CP. Controls were 3068 singleton birth infants randomly selected from birth records for the same years without CP-related hospitalizations. Infection information was available only for the birth hospitalization. RESULTS:Infants of women who had any infection during their hospitalization for delivery were at increased risk of CP (odds ratio (OR) 3.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3 to 4.2). This was observed for term deliveries (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.8) and preterm deliveries (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.2). CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest that maternal infection is a risk factor for CP in both term and preterm infants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Maternal Infection and Risk of Cerebral Palsy in Term and Preterm Infants

et al. 2004

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“…14,16 Henceforth, the registers will be referred to as Mersey, North of England, Oxford, Northern Ireland, and Scotland, respectively. The geographic regions covered by these registers were for Mersey the counties of Cheshire and Merseyside; for the North of England the former health districts of Northumberland, Newcastle, and North Tyneside until 1990 and the former health Northern region after 1990; for Oxford the counties of Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Northamptonshire, and Oxfordshire; and all of Northern Ireland and Scotland.…”

Section: Ukcpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 5 participating registers were the Merseyside and Cheshire Cerebral Palsy Register 2,9,11 ; the North of England Collaborative Cerebral Palsy Survey 7,12 ; the Northern Ireland Cerebral Palsy Register 13 ; 4Child-the Four Counties Database of Cerebral Palsy, Vision Loss and Hearing Loss in Children 14,15 (formerly the Oxford Register of Early Childhood Impairments); and the Scottish Register of Children with a Motor Deficit of Central Origin. 14,16 Henceforth, the registers will be referred to as Mersey, North of England, Oxford, Northern Ireland, and Scotland, respectively.…”

Section: Ukcpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Variation in Survival of People With Cerebral Palsy in the United Kingdom

et al. 2005

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Objectives. Regional variation in survival of people who have cerebral palsy (CP) has been observed but not previously investigated in detail. In addition to true differences, variations in the methods and definitions used, completeness of ascertainment, and the role of potential confounding factors all have been proposed as possible explanations for these observed variations. Our aim was to assess the regional differences in survival of young people with CP and the effect on survival of socioeconomic differences after adjustment for variations in level of impairment and birth characteristics. Methods. Survival patterns for young people with CP were calculated using information from a collaborative database. This database consisted of registrations of children who were born with CP in 5 geographically defined areas in the United Kingdom between 1980 and 1996. Notification of subsequent deaths was provided by the relevant births and death register. We consider the effects of birth characteristics, socioeconomic status, and severity of CP on survival. Results. There were 325 deaths among the 4007 cases of CP identified. The proportion of affected children who survived to 20 years of age ranged from 85% (Mersey-side and Cheshire, male individuals) to 94% (North of England, male individuals). Multivariate modeling showed that the severity of impairment had the biggest impact on survival and that additional contributions were made by birth weight and socioeconomic status but that after such adjustments regional differences were no longer significant. Conclusions. The number and the severity of impairments are the best predictors of survival in young people with CP. After adjustment for the number of impairments, children who were born in affluent areas and had a low birth weight have an increased risk for death over those who were born with a normal birth weight. The same does not hold, however, for those who were born in deprived areas.

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“…Indications for fetal heart rate monitoring in women receiving antenatal magnesium sulphate for neuroprotection should follow the fetal surveillance recommendations of the SOGC 2007 Fetal Health Surveillance: Antepartum and Intrapartum Consensus Guideline . (III-A) 11 . Since magnesium sulphate has the potential to alter the neonate's neurological evaluation, causing hypotonia or apnea, health care providers caring for the neonate should have an increased awareness of this effect .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

RETIRED: Magnesium Sulphate for Fetal Neuroprotection

Magee

Sawchuck

Synnes

et al. 2011

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada

110

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This document reflects emerging clinical and scientific advances on the date issued, and is subject to change. The information should not be construed as dictating an exclusive course of treatment or procedure to be followed. Local institutions can dictate amendments to these opinions. They should be well documented if modified at the local level. None of these contents may be reproduced in any form without prior written permission of the SOGC. AbstractObjective: To provide guidelines for the use of antenatal magnesium sulphate (MgSO 4 ) for fetal neuroprotection of the preterm infant .Options: Antenatal MgSO 4 administration should be considered for fetal neuroprotection when women present at ≤ 31+6 weeks with imminent preterm birth, defined as a high likelihood of birth because of active labour with cervical dilatation ≥ 4 cm, with or without preterm pre-labour rupture of membranes, and/or planned preterm birth for fetal or maternal indications .There are no other known fetal neuroprotective agents .Outcomes: The outcomes measured are the incidence of cerebral palsy (CP) and neonatal death . Values: The quality of evidence was rated using the criteria described in the Report of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (Table 1) .Benefits, harms, and costs: Antenatal magnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection reduces the risk of "death or CP" (RR 0 .85; 95% CI 0 .74 to 0 .98; 4 trials, 4446 infants), "death or moderatesevere CP" (RR 0 .85; 95% CI 0 .73 to 0 .99; 3 trials, 4250 infants), "any CP" (RR 0 .71; 95% CI 0 .55 to 0 .91; 4, trials, 4446 infants), "moderate-to-severe CP" (RR 0 .60; 95% CI 0 .43 to 0 .84; 3 trials, 4250 infants), and "substantial gross motor dysfunction" (inability to walk without assistance) (RR 0 .60; 95% CI 0 .43 to 0 .83; 3 trials, 4287 women) at 2 years of age . Results were consistent between trials and across the meta-analyses . There is no anticipated significant increase in health care-related costs, because women eligible to receive antenatal MgSO 4 will be judged to have imminent preterm birth .

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Epidemiology of cerebral palsy in England and Scotland, 1984-9

Cited by 180 publications

References 8 publications

Maternal Infection and Risk of Cerebral Palsy in Term and Preterm Infants

Maternal Infection and Risk of Cerebral Palsy in Term and Preterm Infants

Regional Variation in Survival of People With Cerebral Palsy in the United Kingdom

RETIRED: Magnesium Sulphate for Fetal Neuroprotection

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