Epidemiology of canine leishmaniasis in southern Bahia, Brazil

Júnior, Nilo Fernandes Leça; Guedes, Paula Elisa Brandão; Santana, Lailla Nascimento; Almeida, Valter dos Anjos; Carvalho, Fábio Santos; Albuquerque, George Rêgo; Wenceslau, Amauri Arias; Munhoz, Alexandre Dias; Silva, Fabiana Lessa

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.04.008

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…In the Douro region, Cardoso et al [20] highlighted this high percentage of subclinical infections and found that out of 60 seropositive animals, 51 (85%) had no clinical signs compatible with CanL. Similar results were found in other geographic areas of the Mediterranean basin, particularly in France, Italy, Spain, central and southern Portugal, Turkey, and also in Brazil [21–26]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Evaluation of four molecular methods to detect Leishmania infection in dogs

et al. 2017

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BackgroundCanine leishmaniasis, a zoonotic disease caused by Leishmania infantum vectored by phlebotomine sand flies, is considered a relevant veterinary and public health problem in various countries, namely in the Mediterranean basin and Brazil, where dogs are considered the main reservoir hosts. Not only diseased dogs but also those subclinically infected play a relevant role in the transmission of L. infantum to vectors; therefore, early diagnosis is essential, under both a clinical and an epidemiological perspective. Molecular tools can be a more accurate and sensitive approach for diagnosis, with a wide range of protocols currently in use. The aim of the present report was to compare four PCR based protocols for the diagnosis of canine Leishmania infection in a cohort of dogs from the Douro region, Portugal.ResultsA total of 229 bone marrow samples were collected from dogs living in the Douro region, an endemic region for leishmaniasis. Four PCR protocols were evaluated for Leishmania DNA detection in canine samples, three single (ITS1-PCR, MC-PCR and Uni21/Lmj4-PCR) and one nested (nested SSU rRNA-PCR). Two of the protocols were based on nuclear targets and the other two on kinetoplastid targets. The higher overall percentage of infected dogs was detected with the nested SSU rRNA-PCR (37.6%), which also was able to detect Leishmania DNA in a higher number of samples from apparently healthy dogs (25.3%). The ITS1-PCR presented the lowest level of Leishmania detection.ConclusionsNested SSU rRNA-PCR is an appropriate method to detect Leishmania infection in dogs. Accurate and early diagnosis in clinically suspect as well as apparently healthy dogs is essential, in order to treat and protect animals and public health and contribute to the control and awareness of the disease.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Evaluation of four molecular methods to detect Leishmania infection in dogs

et al. 2017

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“…The absence of amastigotes revealed by cytological examination indicates the low sensitivity of this technique for the diagnosis of CL in dogs, as demonstrated recently by Leça-Júnior et al (2015). Such results can be explained by the scarcity of parasites in the lesions of dogs infected by L. braziliensis, as described by Zanzarini et al (2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…However, variation in the prevalence rate is very high (2.16 to 54.7%) when considering the values estimated by other authors (Pereira et al, 2008;Reis et al, 2011;Araújo et al, 2014;Carvalho et al, 2015;Leça-Júnior et al, 2015). Although IFAs are widely employed for their convenience and low cost, their use is controversial owing to low levels of detectable serum antibodies and the possibility of cross-reactions (Antunes Uchôa et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…In Northeast Brazil, the prevalence of Leishmania infection in dogs ranges from 21.7 to 54.7% (Paranhos-Silva et al, 1996;Rondon et al, 2008;Carvalho et al, 2015;Leça-Júnior et al, 2015). Although previous investigations have been carried out in the state of interest to the present study, the prevalence of Leishmania infection among dogs and the identity of the species involved need to be determined in each region, because human leishmaniasis is endemic in many municipalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis and epidemiology of canine leishmaniasis in southeastern Bahia, Brazil

et al. 2016

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ABSTRACT. Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Two distinct forms are recognized: visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). In the Americas, the causative agent of VL is L. infantum chagasi, whereas L. braziliensis is principally responsible for CL. Domestic dogs constitute the main source of VL in urban environments, and have also been implicated in CL epidemiology. We carried out molecular and serological surveys to detect Leishmania infection in dogs from the municipality of Ituberá in Bahia, Brazil. Furthermore, we identified risk factors associated with illness in dogs from this locality. Blood samples were collected from 399 dogs and tested using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Leishmania spp antibodies and L. infantum chagasi and L. braziliensis DNA, respectively. Dogs were clinically evaluated and tissue samples from those exhibiting skin lesions were examined for parasites. In addition, the dog owners completed an epidemiological questionnaire to identify factors associated with infection. Skin lesions consistent with CL were found on 37 (9.3%) of the evaluated animals, but parasitological examination was negative for all samples. The IFA returned positive results for 60 (15%) dogs. PCR identified DNA from L. braziliensis in 86 (21.6%) animals, where as all samples proved negative for L. infantum chagasi. The 134 dogs (33.6%) testing positive using IFA and/ or PCR were considered infected, and of these, only 13 demonstrated skin lesions. Animals from rural areas were 3.39-times more likely to be infected compared to those in urban environments.

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“…The seroprevalence of Leishmania for the canine population ranges from 3 to 30% depending on the area and ecological variables (2). It is higher in areas where transmission can occur throughout the year; for example, in the south of Bahia, Brazil, it may be as high as 50.3% (3). However, when PCR-based tools are used for screening, prevalence figure can be even 3 times higher than that detected by serology (4).…”

Section: Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis: a Growing Public Health Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Vaccine-Induced Immunity Against Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

Moreno

2019

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Canine visceral leishmaniasis is an increasingly important public health problem. Dogs infected by Leishmania infantum are the main domestic reservoir of the parasite and play a key role in its transmission to humans. Recent findings have helped in the development of novel diagnostic methods, and of control measures such as vaccines, some of which are already commercially available. However, quantitative procedures should be followed to confirm whether these vaccines elicit a cell-mediated immune response. The present work describes the need for this evaluation, and the techniques available for confirming this type of immune response.

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Epidemiology of canine leishmaniasis in southern Bahia, Brazil

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Evaluation of four molecular methods to detect Leishmania infection in dogs

Evaluation of four molecular methods to detect Leishmania infection in dogs

Diagnosis and epidemiology of canine leishmaniasis in southeastern Bahia, Brazil

Assessment of Vaccine-Induced Immunity Against Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

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