Epidemiology of Cancer of the Gallbladder and Extra-Hepatic Biliary Passages

Mack, Thomas M.; Menck, Herman R.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-7502-6_9

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The reports now span most of the continent from Alaska southward (Boss, 1981;Williams et al, 1977;Young and Frank, 1983;Lam, 1954;Erickson 1972, Danzinger et al, 1972Sievers and Marquis, 1962;Sampliner and O'Connell, 1968;Kravetz, 1964;Reichenbach, 1967). Although there are less data, a similar situation seems to exist among many Amerindian-admixed Latin Americans (Albores-Saavedra and Altamirano-Dimas, 1971;Black et al, 1977;Diehl et al, 1980;Puffer and Griffith, 1967;Henson, 1983;Mack and Menck, 1982;Devor, 1982;Rioa-Dalenz et al, 1981.…”

Section: Gallbladder Disease (Gbd)mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Note the similarity of association with NW admixture in the triethnic populations of New Mexico and of Bolivia. Many other reports exist to document the high rates of GBCA in NW populations from Alaska to northern South America (Lanier et al, 1980(Lanier et al, , 1982Young and Frank, 1983;Lam, 1954;Sievers and Marquis, 1962;Sampliner and O'Connell, 1968;Reichenbach, 1967;Mack and Menck, 1982;Morris et al, 1978;Hesse, 1959;Sperling, 1964;Rios-Dalenz et al, 1981Henson, 1983;Medina et al, 1976;Albores-Saavedra et al, 1971;Devor, 1982;Devor and Buechly, 1979).…”

Section: Intraindividual Associations and Gallbladder Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is not known whether gallstones produce cancer by direct, chronic irritation of the mucosa (Edmonston, 1967;Diehl, 1980), or whether the association is the result of carcinogenic components of bile (Diehl, 1980;Mack and Menck, 1982). Large gallstones seem likely to be associated with GBCA (Diehl, 1983).…”

Section: Intraindividual Associations and Gallbladder Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new world syndrome of metabolic diseases with a genetic and evolutionary basis

Weiss¹,

Ferrell²,

Hanis³

1984

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

148

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Currently, many Amerindian peoples, including European-Amerindian admixed groups such as Mexicans, are experiencing a major epidemic of a series of diseases which includes a tendency to become obese a t an early adult age, adult onset diabetes mellitus, the formation of cholesterol gallstones, and gallbladder cancer, especially in females. Other cancer sites, and morbid consequences of these primary disorders, also occur at elevated rates. This epidemic has begun, or at least increased dramatically since World War 11, and seems to be due to an interaction between susceptible Amerindian genotype(s1 and some recently changed aspect of the environment, probably involving dietary components. This paper reviews the epidemiology of this New World Syndrome (NWS), quantifying incidence, prevalence, and risk in susceptible genotypes. This pattern is distinct from the rise of similar diseases associated around the world with "westernization." The susceptible genes probably arose by virtue of a selective advantage during or before the initial peopling of the Americas.In the early part of this century, a pattern of anemias appeared in the Black subpopulation of the United States. This seemed to be racially restricted, but it did not appear in its most serious form in Africans examined in Africa. Hence, although the disease was of highly patterned epidemiology, it was not clear whether it was due to environmental or genetic causation. Subsequent research over a period of many years showed that the disease was genetic, and definitive cytopathology was discovered which was shown to segregate in families in a Mendelian way.Because sickle-cell anemia is so severe, the question was raised as to how, from an evolutionary viewpoint, its causative allele could have attained high frequency. As is now well known, the HbS gene arose from one or a few points of origin, was selected for by the malarial resistance it conferred in the heterozygote, and spread in relation to evolving agricultural practices (Livingstone, 1957). This stands as the classic instance of the interaction between the changing human cultural environment and the evolution of disease-related genes.There is evidence that a culture-gene interaction may be involved in the genesis of a recently arisen series of metabolic disorders affecting peoples native to the Americas, from Alaska to the Andes. This constellation, which we have designated as the "New World Syndrome" (NWS), differs from the sickle-cell situation in several important particulars. It does not appear to be a case of balanced polymorphism. However, in the sense that it suggests a shared role of aboriginal cultures in the Robert E. Ferrel's current address is

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