Epidemiology of brain tumors

Walker, A. Earl; Robins, Morton; Weinfeld, F. D.

doi:10.1212/wnl.35.2.219

Cited by 484 publications

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“…Brain metastasis (BM) has been becoming a concerned and urgent public health problem,1, 2 of which the annual incidence is between 8.3 and 14.3 per 100 000 population 3. However, datum above collected prior to the advent of modern imaging techniques, the extent of BM is rather likely to be underestimated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging findings into molecular mechanism of brain metastasis

Chen

2018

Cancer Medicine

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Brain metastasis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Hence, the need to develop improved therapies to prevent and treat metastasis to the brain is becoming urgent. Recent studies in this area are bringing about some advanced progress on brain metastasis. It was concluded that the occurrence and poor prognosis of brain metastasis have been mostly attributed to the exclusion of anticancer drugs from the brain by the blood‐brain barrier. And several highly potent new generation targeted drugs with enhanced CNS distribution have been developed constantly. However, the noted “seed and soil” hypothesis also suggests that the outcome of metastasis depends on the relationship between unique tumor cells and the specific organ microenvironment. Moreover, increasing studies in multiple tumor types demonstrated that brain metastasis has great molecular differences between primary tumors and extracranial metastasis to a large extent. Here, the authors summarized the most common malignancies that could lead to brain metastasis—lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma and their related mutated factors. Only by comprehending a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms, more effective brain‐specific therapies will be developed for brain metastasis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging findings into molecular mechanism of brain metastasis

Chen

2018

Cancer Medicine

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“…Estimates of the incidence of brain metastases in these patients vary widely from about 2% to nearly 15%, depending on the stage of disease (ranging from newly diagnosed, limited disease to established, widespread disease). 1,2 This feature contrasts with most of the rest of the body, where metastatic spread is much more common. Accordingly, there has been some controversy about the role of surveillance imaging in patients with lung carcinoma who do not have neurologic symptoms.…”

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confidence: 98%

S100β as a predictor of brain metastases

Vogelbaum

Masaryk

Mazzone

et al. 2005

Cancer

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BACKGROUNDThe identification of brain metastases in patients with malignant disease has important implications for determining their treatment and prognosis. Asymptomatic metastatic brain tumors may be detected by surveillance imaging techniques, but longitudinal follow‐up of patients who are at risk is sporadic primarily due to cost. Because the development of brain metastases is accompanied and detected by extravasation of contrast agents across the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), the authors hypothesized that peripheral analysis of the BBB indicator S100β may be useful as a screening tool for brain metastases in patients who have no neurologic symptoms.METHODSThirty‐eight patients were enrolled for the current study. All patients had newly diagnosed lung carcinoma and had no neurologic symptoms or known history of brain metastasis. Patients underwent an initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and S100β blood tests. S100β tests were repeated in a subset of patients at the time of routine follow‐up MRI scans.RESULTSBased on imaging studies and on serum S100β analyses, the patients were divided in 3 categories: 1) patients with normal S100β levels (0.08 ± 0.02 μg/L; n = 22 patients) and normal MRI scans; 2) patients with elevated S100β levels (0.5 ± 0.28 μg/L; n = 8 patients) and pronounced microvascular changes on MRI scans but with no metastases; and 3) patients with elevated S100β levels (0.28 ± 0.19 μg/L; n = 7 patients) and metastatic brain tumor(s) on MRI scans.CONCLUSIONSBecause of the significant overlap in S100β levels between patients with cerebral microvascular diseases and patients with brain metastases, the authors concluded that the serum S100β level may be used as a surveillance tool to predict or detect brain metastases if appropriate prescreening radiologic tests are obtained and if patients who are candidates for false‐positive results are identified and excluded. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.

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“…Meningiomas are relatively common tumors in adults and account for approximately 20% of all intracranial tumors 1 . Their incidence ranges from 1.1% to 4.2% of all intracranial tumor in pediatric age and in this corresponds to a proportion varying from 2,8% to 5,9% of meningiomas in all ages 2,3 .…”

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Meningiomas of pineal region in children

Matushita

Pinto

Plese

2007

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-Meningiomas are uncommon tumors in children and either more rarely encountered in the pineal region. We report two cases of meningioma of the pineal region in children. One of these cases was a five years-old girl and the other a one year-old boy. No specific clinical presentation or tomographic examinations findings was identified before treatment, suggestive of a diagnosis of menigioma. The clinical and laboratory features were very similar to the most common tumors of the pineal region. Prior to the surgery, the histology of these tumors was not suspected. Both patients underwent direct surgery and complete removal was achieved by a suboccipital transtentorial approach. The tumors originated from velum interpositum in both cases. At the follow up, one case presented with recurrence six years later, and she underwent a reoperation with total resection without morbidity. Long-term follow up presented no other recurrences.KEY WORDS: meningiomas, meningeal neoplams, pineal tumors, velum interpositum, falcotentorial junction, children. Meningiomas da região da pineal em criançasRESUMO -Meningiomas são tumores poucos frequentes em crianças, e mais raramente encontrados na região da pineal. Relatamos dois casos de meningioma da região da pineal em crianças, uma menina de cinco anos e um menino de um ano de idade. Não foi identificada nenhuma forma de apresentação clinica ou caracteristica tomográfica, antes do tratamento, que sugerisse o diagnóstico de meningioma. As características clinicas e laboratoriais encontradas foram similares às de tumores mais frequentes da região da pineal. Ambos os pacientes foram submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico e a remoção completa foi obtida por abordagem suboccipital transtentorial. Durante o seguimento, um dos pacientes foi reoperado por recorrencia do tumor seis anos após o tratamento inicial. Atualmente, os pacientes encontram-se livres de recorrência tumoral.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: meningioma, neoplasia meningea, velum interpositum, junção falcotentorial, crianças. Dr. Hamilton Matushita -Rua Barata Ribeiro 237 / 43/44/46 -01308-000 São Paulo SP -Brasil. E-mail: neurosp@uol.com.brLiterature specifically concerning to meningioma of the pineal region in children is scarce. Meningiomas are relatively common tumors in adults and account for approximately 20% of all intracranial tumors 1 . Their incidence ranges from 1.1% to 4.2% of all intracranial tumor in pediatric age and in this corresponds to a proportion varying from 2,8% to 5,9% of meningiomas in all ages 2, 3 . Meningiomas in children predominate during the second decade and are extremely uncommon in infancy. In children, meningiomas appear in unusual sites and usually reach enormous sizes, and locations that are rare in adults 2,3 . Meningiomas in the pineal region may originate either from the velum interpositum or from the falcotentorial junction.We are describing our experience with two cases of meningiomas in the pineal region in children arising within the velum interpositum, with no dural attachment. Lack of dural...

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Epidemiology of brain tumors

Cited by 484 publications

References 0 publications

Emerging findings into molecular mechanism of brain metastasis

Emerging findings into molecular mechanism of brain metastasis

S100β as a predictor of brain metastases

Meningiomas of pineal region in children

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