Epidemiology of Bluetongue Viruses in the American Tropics

Gibbs, E. Paul J.; Homan, E. Jane; Mo, Claudette L.; Greiner, Ellis C.; Gonzalez, Johnny; Thompson, L. H.; OVEIDO, MARCO T.; Walton, T. E.; Yuill, Thomas M.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb19653.x

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In temperate regions with cold winters, the vectors survive severe weather as larvae and the transmission cycle is interrupted, whereas BTVs may be maintained in year-round transmission cycles in temperate regions with mild winters (Gerry & Mullens, 2000), as well as in the tropics. However, even in these regions, the cycles may be interrupted by dry seasons or other adverse environmental conditions (Gibbs et al, 1992). Clearly, a mechanism(s) is required for the viruses to survive periods of inclement climatic conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on overwintering of bluetongue viruses in insects

White¹,

Wilson²,

Blair

et al. 2005

Journal of General Virology

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Bluetongue viruses (BTVs) are economically important arboviruses that affect sheep and cattle. The overwintering mechanism of BTVs in temperate climates has eluded researchers for many years. Many arboviruses overwinter in their invertebrate vectors. To test the hypothesis that BTVs overwinter in their vertically infected insect vectors, Culicoides sonorensis larvae were collected from long-term study sites in northern Colorado, USA, and assayed for the presence of BTV RNA by nested RT-PCR. Sequences from BTV RNA segment 7 were detected in 30 % (17/56) of pools composed of larvae and pupae collected in 1998 and in 10 % (31/319) of pools composed of adults reared from larvae collected in 1996. BTV was not isolated from the insects. Additionally, Culicoides cell-culture lines derived from material collected at one of the sites, or derived from insect samples collected during a BTV outbreak, contained BTV RNA segment 7. In contrast, segment 2 RNA was detected at half the rate of segment 7 RNA in the field-collected larvae and was only detected in the Culicoides cell lines with one of two primer sets. These data suggest that BTVs could overwinter in the insect vector and that there is reduced expression of the outer capsid genes during persistent infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on overwintering of bluetongue viruses in insects

White¹,

Wilson²,

Blair

et al. 2005

Journal of General Virology

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“…Many serotypes of BTV are known to be circulating in the Caribbean, although there is little or no evidence that they are causing clinical disease [49,[130][131][132][133][134]. Much of the data available on BTV in the Caribbean were collected by a Regional Bluetongue team that studied the disease over eleven countries in the region from the early 1980s to the early 1990s [135].…”

Section: Bluetongue Virus (Btv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Others: A Systematic Review of the Lesser-Known Arboviruses of the Insular Caribbean

Ali

Alarcón-Elbal

Mundle

et al. 2023

Viruses

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The Caribbean enjoys a long-standing eminence as a popular tourist destination; however, over the years it has also amassed the sobriquet “arbovirus hotspot”. As the planet warms and vectors expand their habitats, a cognizant working knowledge of the lesser-known arboviruses and the factors that influence their emergence and resurgence becomes essential. The extant literature on Caribbean arboviruses is spread across decades of published literature and is quite often difficult to access, and, in some cases, is obsolete. Here, we look at the lesser-known arboviruses of the insular Caribbean and examine some of the drivers for their emergence and resurgence. We searched the scientific literature databases PubMed and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed literature as well as scholarly reports. We included articles and reports that describe works resulting in serological evidence of the presence of arboviruses and/or arbovirus isolations in the insular Caribbean. Studies without serological evidence and/or arbovirus isolations as well as those including dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever were excluded. Of the 545 articles identified, 122 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 42 arboviruses were identified in the literature. These arboviruses and the drivers that affect their emergence/resurgence are discussed.

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“…Currently, at least 29 serotypes of BTV exist worldwide [ 11, 12 ]. In tropical and subtropical regions that support continuous vector populations and circulation of endemic BTV serotypes disease outbreaks are uncommon [ 10 ]. In these areas, outbreaks of disease are generally associated with the introduction of a new serotype often from a neighbouring region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent US bluetongue virus serotype 3 isolates found outside of Florida indicate evidence of reassortment with co-circulating endemic serotypes

Schirtzinger

Jasperson

Ostlund

et al. 2018

Journal of General Virology

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Since 1999, 11 serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV) similar to Central American or Caribbean strains have been isolated in the southeastern United States, predominantly in Florida. The majority of the incursive serotypes have remained restricted to the southeastern US. In recent years, BTV serotype 3 (BTV-3) has been isolated in areas increasingly distant from Florida. The current study uses whole genome sequencing of recent and historical BTV-3 isolates from the US, Central America and the Caribbean with additional sequences from GenBank to conduct phylogenetic analyses. The individual segments of the BTV genome were analysed to determine if recent BTV-3 isolates are reassortants containing genomic segments from endemic US serotypes or if they retain a majority of Central American/Caribbean genotypes. The analyses indicate that BTV-3 isolates Mississippi 2006, Arkansas 2008 and Mississippi 2009 are closely related reassortants that contain five to six genomic segments that are of US origin and two to three segments of Central American/Caribbean origin. In contrast, the BTV-3 South Dakota 2012 isolate contains seven genomic segments that are more similar to isolates from Central American and the Caribbean. These different evolutionary histories of the BTV-3 isolates suggest that there are at least two different lineages of BTV-3 that are currently circulating in the US.

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Epidemiology of Bluetongue Viruses in the American Tropics

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Studies on overwintering of bluetongue viruses in insects

Studies on overwintering of bluetongue viruses in insects

The Others: A Systematic Review of the Lesser-Known Arboviruses of the Insular Caribbean

Recent US bluetongue virus serotype 3 isolates found outside of Florida indicate evidence of reassortment with co-circulating endemic serotypes

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