Epidemiology of blood pressure and predictors of hypertension.

Horan, Michael J.; Lenfant, Claude

doi:10.1161/01.hyp.15.2_suppl.i20

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The aetiology of hypertension is complex due to the interaction of hereditary and environmental factors. 37 Elevated Hcy, even mild HHcy is a major risk factor for arterial vascular disease, 38 independent of conventional risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, or hyperlipidemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma homocysteine concentration and blood pressure in healthy Iranian adults: the Tehran Homocysteine Survey (2003–2004)

et al. 2005

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma homocysteine concentration and blood pressure in healthy Iranian adults: the Tehran Homocysteine Survey (2003–2004)

et al. 2005

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“…Blood pressure (BP), itself, is a fairly potent predictor of what blood pressure is likely to be later in life. 1 Some previous studies have reported several predictors of hypertension: age (older), race (black), heart rate (HR), borderline hypertension, in particular the patients with hyperdynamic circulation, weight, specially centrally distributed obesity, left ventricular mass in children, genetic predictors or a family history of hypertension in parents, and cationic transporters. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Cardiovascular reactivity has been measured in the laboratory by a wide variety of stimuli, both physical or psychological stressors such as mental arithmetic, public speaking, and video game challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure reactivity to mental stress task as a determinant of sustained hypertension after 5 years of follow-up

et al. 2003

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Previous studies have reported an increased risk of developing sustained hypertension (SH) in borderline or mildly hypertensive subjects showing an exaggerated response of blood pressure (BP) to mental stress. The aim of this study was to assess if the response of BP to mental stress tasks is an independent predictor of SH. A total of 89 patients with grade 1 hypertension, aged 18-64 years, 62% males, were included. The mean of follow-up was 5.3 years (s.d. 2.1 years). SH was defined as the development of grades 2-3 hypertension (Systolic BPX160 mmHg or diastolic BPX100 mmHg) or to be in antihypertensive treatment after follow-up. Two mental stress tasks: mental arithmetic stress task and a stressful interview (SI) were applied at entry. The subjects were classified as hyper-reactors when BP increase was greater than 35 mmHg for systolic BP or greater than 21 mmHg for diastolic BP, according to the results obtained previously in a normotensive control group. In the univariate analysis, the factors associated with the development of SH were age (P ¼ 0.0007), office diastolic BP (P ¼ 0.014) and hyper-reactivity of BP during a stressful interview (P ¼ 0.003). In the Cox regression model, after adjusting for gender, age, and office BP, the hyper-reactivity of BP during SI was an independent predictor of development of SH. In conclusion, the response of BP to mental stress tasks is useful in predicting SH in young and middle-aged subjects with grade 1 hypertension.

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“…Hypertension is a serious public health problem in developed countries because of its high prevalence and the concomitant increase in the risk of cardiovascular and renal diseases (1)(2)(3)(4).…”

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Cardiovascular Risk Factors Emerging in Chinese Populations Undergoing Urbanization.

et al. 1999

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In this assessment of cardiovascular risk factors, we examined the association between dietary habits and blood pressure (BP) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) CARDIAC Study protocols in three Chinese populations aged 47-57 in Guangzhou prefecture (GZ group; 141 males, 158 females), Guiyang prefecture (GY group; 101 males, 103 females) and Taiwan (TW group; 102 males, 98 females). The same survey was repeated 10 yr later in the GY group to follow-up the past trends (MONALISA study). The observed systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and body mass index (BMI), as well as the rates of hypertension, obesity and antihypertensive medication use were significantly higher in both genders in the TW group compared to the groups GZ and GY. There was no significant difference in SBP or DBP in either gender between groups GZ and GY. Blood analyses revealed that the levels of serum total cholesterol (T-CHO), and HbAlc, and the rates of hypercholesterolemia and high HbAlc were significantly higher in both genders in the TW than in the GZ and GY groups. No significant difference among the populations was observed in 24-h urinary sodium or magnesium excretion in either gender. In the combined total populations of men and women, however, significant positive correlations were observed between BMI and each of SBP, DBP, T-CHO, and glycohemoglobin in both genders. A food frequency analysis revealed significantly greater meat consumption and significantly less tea consumption and vegetable intake in the TW than in the GY and GZ groups. Both SBP and DBP have increased significantly over the past 10 yr in the GY group in both genders, and T-CHO as well as the rate of hypercholesterolemia increased over the same period in both genders. Hypertension is a serious public health problem in developed countries because of its high prevalence and the concomitant increase in the risk of cardiovascular and renal diseases (1-4). Although many animal experiments point toward an important genetic contribution in the etiology of hypertension, the relative contributions of environmental and genetic factors in the etiology of hypertension in humans remain controversial. Several studies (5, 6) have documented marked differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among various countries, races and regions throughout the world, and have shown that these differences are largely attributable to changing lifestyles (especially changes in traditional dietary habits) rather than genetic factors (7).Environmental factors, such as dietary habits, are thought to play a significant role in the development of obesity and hypertension in many developing countries. In China, cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension and stroke, have been major causes of death over the past decade. According to World Health Organization (WHO) reports (8, 9), the improvement of dietary-related factors is critical to primary prevention of essential hypertension, atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases.In the present study, we evaluated the dif...

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Epidemiology of blood pressure and predictors of hypertension.

Cited by 31 publications

References 25 publications

Plasma homocysteine concentration and blood pressure in healthy Iranian adults: the Tehran Homocysteine Survey (2003–2004)

Plasma homocysteine concentration and blood pressure in healthy Iranian adults: the Tehran Homocysteine Survey (2003–2004)

Blood pressure reactivity to mental stress task as a determinant of sustained hypertension after 5 years of follow-up

Cardiovascular Risk Factors Emerging in Chinese Populations Undergoing Urbanization.

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