Epidemiology of Bacterial Resistance

Bradford, Patricia A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78538-7_10

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…Infectious diseases caused by Gram-negative bacteria are most certainly the cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [ 1 , 2 ]. β-Lactam antibiotics are the most common antimicrobials used in clinical therapy, but the extensive use of these molecules has led microbes to develop new mechanisms of resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Potential of Polyclonal Camel Antibodies against New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1)

et al. 2020

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New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) is the most prevalent type of metallo-β-lactamase, able to hydrolyze almost all antibiotics of the β-lactam group, leading to multidrug-resistant bacteria. To date, there are no clinically relevant inhibitors to fight NDM-1. The use of dromedary polyclonal antibody inhibitors against NDM-1 represents a promising new class of molecules with inhibitory activity. In the current study, immunoreactivities of dromedary Immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotypes containing heavy-chain and conventional antibodies were tested after successful immunization of dromedary using increasing amounts of the recombinant NDM-1 enzyme. Inhibition kinetic assays, performed using a spectrophotometric method with nitrocefin as a reporter substrate, demonstrated that IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 were able to inhibit not only the hydrolytic activity of NDM-1 but also Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM-1) (subclass B1) and L1 metallo-β-lactamase (L1) (subclass B3) with inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 100 to 0.04 μM. Investigations on the ability of IgG subclasses to reduce the growth of recombinant Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)/codon plus cells containing the recombinant plasmid expressing NDM-1, L1, or VIM-1 showed that the addition of IgGs (4 and 8 mg/L) to the cell culture was unable to restore the susceptibility of carbapenems. Interestingly, IgGs were able to interact with NDM-1, L1, and VIM-1 when tested on the periplasm extract of each cultured strain. The inhibitory concentration was in the micromolar range for all β-lactams tested. A visualization of the 3D structural basis using the three enzyme Protein Data Bank (PDB) files supports preliminarily the recorded inhibition of the three MBLs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Potential of Polyclonal Camel Antibodies against New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1)

et al. 2020

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“…Molecular typing methods have become important in examining the spread of specific resistance determinants and determining if a particular strain is endemic or causing an outbreak. 66 Currently, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology is an easy and cost-effective tool for performing molecular epidemiology by sequencing the entire genome of pathogens of interest. MLST utilizes nucleotide sequencing to detect variations in fragments of 5 to 10 housekeeping genes, with a single point mutation difference between genes considered to be a new allele.…”

Section: Step 3 Review Local Regional and Geographical Epidemiology O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

#AMRrounds: a systematic educational approach for navigating bench to bedside antimicrobial resistance

Liu,

Prinzi,

Borjan

et al. 2023

JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to serve as a major global health crisis. Clinicians practising in this modern era are faced with ongoing challenges in the therapeutic management of patients suffering from antimicrobial-resistant infections. A strong educational understanding and synergistic application of clinical microbiology, infectious disease and pharmacological concepts can assist the adventuring clinician in the navigation of such cases. Important items include mobilizing laboratory testing for pathogen identification and susceptibility data, harnessing an understanding of intrinsic pathogen resistance, acknowledging epidemiological resistance trends, recognizing acquired AMR mechanisms, and consolidating these considerations when constructing an ideal pharmacological plan. In this article, we outline a novel framework by which to systematically approach clinical AMR, encourage AMR-related education and optimize therapeutic decision-making in AMR-related illnesses.

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“…The enzymatic inactivation of antimicrobial drugs is when there are mutations in genes that can encode porin proteins around the bacterial membrane to slow down the action of antibiotics. Another biochemical mechanism is the flow pump system that can expel antimicrobial drugs without being damaged and the reduction of intracellular concentrations because of the decrease in permeability and flow [ 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chromosomal mutation depends on whether there are changes in the suitability or virulence of the pathogen and whether these genetically modified microorganisms prevail or arise more frequently; consequently, they would begin to replicate and would continue to cause pathologies [ 60 ].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance and Inorganic Nanoparticles

Balderrama-González

Piñón-Castillo

Ramírez-Valdespino

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Antibiotics are being less effective, which leads to high mortality in patients with infections and a high cost for the recovery of health, and the projections that are had for the future are not very encouraging which has led to consider antimicrobial resistance as a global health problem and to be the object of study by researchers. Although resistance to antibiotics occurs naturally, its appearance and spread have been increasing rapidly due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics in recent decades. A bacterium becomes resistant due to the transfer of genes encoding antibiotic resistance. Bacteria constantly mutate; therefore, their defense mechanisms mutate, as well. Nanotechnology plays a key role in antimicrobial resistance due to materials modified at the nanometer scale, allowing large numbers of molecules to assemble to have a dynamic interface. These nanomaterials act as carriers, and their design is mainly focused on introducing the temporal and spatial release of the payload of antibiotics. In addition, they generate new antimicrobial modalities for the bacteria, which are not capable of protecting themselves. So, nanoparticles are an adjunct mechanism to improve drug potency by reducing overall antibiotic exposure. These nanostructures can overcome cell barriers and deliver antibiotics to the cytoplasm to inhibit bacteria. This work aims to give a general vision between the antibiotics, the nanoparticles used as carriers, bacteria resistance, and the possible mechanisms that occur between them.

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Epidemiology of Bacterial Resistance

Cited by 3 publications

References 203 publications

Inhibitory Potential of Polyclonal Camel Antibodies against New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1)

Inhibitory Potential of Polyclonal Camel Antibodies against New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1)

#AMRrounds: a systematic educational approach for navigating bench to bedside antimicrobial resistance

Antimicrobial Resistance and Inorganic Nanoparticles

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