Epidemiology of antibiotic resistance of blood culture in educational hospitals in Rasht, North of Iran

Abstract

IntroductionSepticemia is an emergency in medicine due to various dangers and lethality. In patients with septicemia, blood culture and other cultures should be done before antibiotic therapy. Determination of each isolated bacterium from blood culture and pattern of antibiotic sensitivity have an important role epidemiologically in a region and can assist physicians in the determination of primary antimicrobial agents. In this study, the researchers evaluated the schema of resistance of antibiotics in blood culture during the years 2014–2015 at eight educational hospitals in Rasht, North of Iran.Materials and methodsThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The researchers evaluated all blood cultures performed at four educational hospitals in Rasht. Demographic data were completed by a checklist, and antibiotic sensitivity antibiogram for all blood culture samples was done by diffusion agar (Kirby–Bauer method). Data were entered and analyzed in the SPSS software version 16, and the pattern of resistance, sensitivity, and intermediate antibiogram results was classified.ResultsFrom 3,283 cases, 225 subjects were positive (6.85%). Sixty-two percent of patients were male and others were female. The most common agent in the samples were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (66, 29.3%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (including Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus; 50, 22.2%), coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus (29, 12.9%), and Escherichia coli (28, 12.4%). The most resistant antibiotic was ceftriaxone (44%), and the most sensitive antibiotic was ciprofloxacin (54%).ConclusionAccording to significant changes of microorganisms that cause sepsis and meaningful alterations of antibiogram findings, the current findings showed that choosing the best choice for empiric therapy should be corrected. The rate of positive samples in the current study was higher than the normal range. Consulting with a pharmacist for antibiotic prescription in hospitals and participation of physicians in antibiotic administration workshops could help decrease resistance.

<p>Evaluating the antimicrobial resistance patterns among major bacterial pathogens isolated from clinical specimens taken from patients in Mofid Children’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran: 2013–2018</p>

“…According to several published studies and reports, effective measures were taken to decrease the risk of VRSA in several countries such as the USA, also some guidelines were developed to control the infections caused by these pathogenic microorganisms. 15 Thus, we suggest similar guidelines and programs designed for children and neonates patients in Tehran, Iran. All in all, the results of the current study revealed that ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefazolin and ceftriaxone are ineffective antibiotics against GNB.…”

“…23,24 Since the application of several categories of antibiotics is not permissible in neonates and children and since there are different patterns of AMR in various areas, selecting and prescribing appropriate antibiotics for the treatment of various infections in pediatric patients is challenging. 15,25 Moreover, knowing AMR patterns can help physicians and policy makers to find solutions for resistance problems in their countries. 23,26 Lack of general AMR surveillance programs in developing and several developed countries will lead to inappropriate use among patients and health care staff.…”

“…[12][13][14] Bacteria are one of the main causes of infections in humans. [15][16][17] Children are usually considered as the most vulnerable group to bacterial infections. 12,18 According to the global action plan on AMR endorsed by WHO, it is important to raise awareness on AMR through monitoring and research programs in different parts of the world.…”

Pathogenic spectrum of blood stream infections and resistance pattern in Gram-negative bacteria from Aljouf region of Saudi Arabia

“…However, a previous study in Hubei Province of China reported E. coli, S. aureus, and K. pneumoniae as frequent BSI-causing pathogens. Reports from Malawi in Africa [10] revealed Salmonella typhi and S. pneumoniae as BSI-causing pathogens, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus species were more common in Iran [23]. Similarly, Japan has shown a varying pathogenic profile of BSIs, with E. coli, S. aureus, Streptococcus spp., and Klebsiella spp.…”

Antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from various clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital

“…In this study, an attempt was made to find the prevalence of various bacteria as well as the drug susceptibility to various anti microbial agents. DR is the main concern for the treating specialists to choose the antibiotics especially for the hospitalized patients [14,15] and also for pediatric group [16,17]. For developing countries such as India, DR is a significant threat [18] because DR was reported to be one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in India.…”