Epidemiology of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Australia and New Zealand

Abstract

Background and Purpose-More data on the epidemiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are required to increase our understanding of etiology and prevention. This study sought to determine the incidence and case fatality of SAH from 4 prospective, population-based registers in Australia and New Zealand. Methods-We identified all cases of "aneurysmal" SAH from November 1995 to June 1998 in Adelaide, Hobart, Perth (Australia), and Auckland (New Zealand), a total population of approximately 2.8 million, using standard diagnostic criteria and uniform community-wide surveillance and data extraction procedures. Results-A total of 436 cases of SAH were registered, including 432 first-ever events and 4 recurrent events. The mean age of cases was 57 years (range, 16 to 94 years), and 62% were female. From the 400 first-ever events registered over whole years, the crude annual incidence for the total population was 8.1 per 100 000 (95% CI, 7.4, 9.0), with rates higher for females (9.7; 95% CI, 8.6, 11.0) than for males (6.5; 95% CI, 5.5, 7.6). Age-specific rates showed a continuous upward trend with age, although the shape and strength of this association differed between the sexes. Standardized annual incidence of SAH varied across centers, being highest in Auckland largely because of the high rate in Maori and Pacific people. The 28-day case fatality rate for the total population was 39% (95% CI, 34%, 44%), with little variation in ratios across centers. Conclusions-There is variation in the incidence of SAH in Australia and New Zealand, but the rates are consistently higher for females. A monotonic increase in incidence with age suggests that exposures with cumulative effects and long induction times may be less relevant in the etiology of SAH. (Stroke. 2000;31:1843-1850.)

Diagnostic Value of Pentraxin-3 in Patients with Spontaneous Subarachnoid and Intracerebral Hemorrhage

“…The prevalence of aneurysmal SAH increases between 50 and 70 year of age. In some studies, SAH was observed to be more prevalent in females (4,5). The most important risk factors leading to development of ICH are advanced age and acute or chronic hypertension (6).…”

A Review of Hematoma Components Clearance Mechanism After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

“…SAH accounts for about 5% of all stroke types (Shah et al, 2019). Generally, the incidence rate of SAH is about 6-7/100,000 person/year (Linn et al, 1996;Anderson et al, 2000). However, Finland and Japan have higher incidence rates, about 20/100,000 person/year (Linn et al, 1996).…”

“…However, Finland and Japan have higher incidence rates, about 20/100,000 person/year (Linn et al, 1996). The incidence rate of SAH in China has been reported to be 2/100,000 person/year (Anderson et al, 2000). The mortality rate of SAH ranges between 32 and 67% (Ingall et al, 2000;Nadeau et al, 2019).…”

A pilot survey of decisions by acute medicine staff after thunderclap headache

“…9,10 Approximately 5% of all strokes are due to SAH which has an annual incidence of 6-10/100,000. [11][12][13][14] Mortality from SAH remains high at 45-50% 14-16 and many survivors suffer significant physical and cognitive disability. 16,17 Compared with other types of stroke, SAH affects a younger age group 18 and results in significant human and financial cost.…”

“…16,17 Compared with other types of stroke, SAH affects a younger age group 18 and results in significant human and financial cost. 12,14,19 The term thunderclap headache describes a severe headache of rapid onset, typically reaching maximum intensity in less than one minute. 20 The thrust of most diagnostic strategies is the exclusion of life-threatening vascular causes, particularly SAH, though also cervical artery dissection, cerebellar haemorrhage and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.…”