Epidemiology of a toxoplasmosis outbreak in a research institution in northern Paraná, Brazil

Monica, Thaís Cabral; Ferreira, Fernanda Pinto; Martins, Felippe Danyel Cardoso; Matos, Ricardo Luís Nascimento de; Matos, Andressa Maria Rorato Nascimento de; Santos, Anne Caroline Farias dos; Nino, Beatriz de Souza Lima; Pereira, L. V.; Narciso, Simone Garani; Garcia, João Luís; Freire, Roberta Lemos; Navarro, Italmar Teodorico; Mitsuka‐Breganó, Regina

doi:10.1111/zph.12705

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Finally, in the present study, a positive association was observed between acute T. gondii infection and females who consumed restaurant meals. This finding agrees with [ 59 ], who reported a highly significant (P<0.001) association between acute infection and having lunch at the institution's restaurant. When considering the types of food served in restaurants or shops, there was a notable association between consuming raw salad [ 59 ], milk [ 60 , 61 ], and meat [ 62 ] and the occurrence of illness.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies and Associated Risk Factors Among Women in Zakho City, Iraq

Mustafa,

Mohammed,

Mero

2024

Cureus

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Toxoplasmosis, an infectious disease caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, poses varying degrees of risk, ranging from asymptomatic cases in immunocompetent individuals to severe, life-threatening conditions in immunocompromised individuals and developing fetuses, especially when infection occurs during early pregnancy. While the disease is endemic in Iraq, there is a notable lack of precise information regarding its seroprevalence among females of childbearing age and pregnant women, along with associated risk factors in the Zakho district. This cross-sectional study aimed to address this gap by determining the prevalence of anti- Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using the ELISA assay. The study involved 610 females aged 18-79 years from various residential areas within Zakho district, Iraq. The findings revealed a seroprevalence of 32.46% for anti- Toxoplasma IgG antibodies and 8.86% for IgM antibodies. Significant variations in IgG antibody seroprevalence were observed across different age groups (P=0.008), with the highest prevalence noted among those aged 46-55 years (47.73%). Conversely, IgM antibody seroprevalence, while non-significant (P>0.05), displayed the highest rate of 10.05% among ages 18-25 years. The study identified residence as a variable significantly associated with toxoplasmosis. Additionally, contact with cats, marital status, a history of abortion, and the consumption of homemade food showed significant associations with anti- Toxoplasma IgM antibodies only. These findings strongly suggest that Toxoplasma gondii is a prevalent causative agent of infection in Zakho city, Iraq. This study contributes valuable insights into the seroprevalence and associated risk factors, providing a foundation for targeted interventions and further research in this region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies and Associated Risk Factors Among Women in Zakho City, Iraq

Mustafa,

Mohammed,

Mero

2024

Cureus

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“…The Ministry of Health investigated an outbreak that occurred in the State of Rondônia in 2011, in the municipality of Ji‐Paraná and found that 141 individuals had acute toxoplasmosis associated with the ingestion of açaí pulp containing T. gondii oocysts (Dutra et al., 2012). In 2016, there was an outbreak in the municipality of Londrina involving 73 people positive for the parasite, which was associated with the ingestion of raw vegetables served in the company's restaurant (Cabral Monica et al., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2016, there was an outbreak in the municipality of Londrina involving 73 people positive for the parasite, which was associated with the ingestion of raw vegetables served in the company's restaurant (Cabral Monica et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological study of toxoplasmosis outbreaks in Brazil

Balbino

Bernardes

Ladeia

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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In Brazil, notification of toxoplasmosis outbreaks and epidemiological investigation is a mandatory activity of health surveillance. We investigated the risk factors for toxoplasmosis during outbreaks, notifications of outbreaks by the health secretary and reports in the literature. Other factors related to the municipalities were determined through the Institute of Geography and Statistics portal. We found that fruits and vegetables were the most described transmission routes in outbreaks, and oocysts were the most common parasitic form; in recent years; there has been an increase in outbreak notifications. We also found that municipalities with high municipal human development index have a higher number of toxoplasmosis infections during outbreaks. There is a need to raise awareness among the population and producers regarding good water management and quality practices and to facilitate the acquisition of complex data to improve preventive strategies.

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“…The first detection of T. gondii DNA in fruits and vegetables was in 2012 [ 177 ]. Nowadays, some studies have linked acute outbreaks of human toxoplasmosis with the ingestion of oocysts, where green vegetables have been identified as a possible vehicle of infection which can be contaminated by irrigation water [ 178 , 179 , 180 ]. In fact, Pinto-Ferreira et al (2019) undertook a meta-analysis and concluded that vegetables will be the most common possible route of transmission in the future [ 181 ].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Toxoplasma Gondii In Food P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Poland, vegetables from shops and home gardens presented a contamination rate by T. gondii of 9.7% [ 178 ]. In China, the prevalence of DNA protozoan was detected in 3.6% in vegetable analyses [ 42 ], whereas in Morocco these data increases to 21.2% [ 187 ].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Toxoplasma Gondii In Food P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii in Foods: Prevalence, Control, and Safety

Marín-García

Planas

Llobat

2022

Foods

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Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, with approximately one third of the population around the world seropositive. The consumption of contaminated food is the main source of infection. These include meat products with T. gondii tissue cysts, and dairy products with tachyzoites. Recently, contamination has been detected in fresh products with oocysts and marine products. Despite the great health problems that are caused by T. gondii, currently there are no standardized methods for its detection in the food industry. In this review, we analyze the current detection methods, the prevalence of T. gondii in different food products, and the control measures. The main detection methods are bioassays, cell culture, molecular and microscopic techniques, and serological methods, but some of these do not have applicability in the food industry. As a result, emerging techniques are being developed that are aimed at the detection of multiple parasites simultaneously that would make their application more efficient in the industry. Since the prevalence of this parasite is high in many products (meat and milk, marine products, and vegetables), it is necessary to standardize detection methods, as well as implement control measures.

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Epidemiology of a toxoplasmosis outbreak in a research institution in northern Paraná, Brazil

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies and Associated Risk Factors Among Women in Zakho City, Iraq

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies and Associated Risk Factors Among Women in Zakho City, Iraq

Epidemiological study of toxoplasmosis outbreaks in Brazil

Toxoplasma gondii in Foods: Prevalence, Control, and Safety

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