Epidemiology

The International Trichinella Reference Centre database. Report on thirty-three years of activity and future perspectives

“…The correlation between Trichinella species and animal hosts, which emerge from DB analysis, does not always match the acknowledged epidemiological picture. Indeed, while the predominant association of T. spiralis with wild boars and domestic pigs (89.4%) agrees with literature ( EFS Agency, 2021 ; Pozio, 2021 ), the large number of T. britov i isolates associated with wild boars (41%), rather than with red foxes (26.3%), does not reflect the real epidemiological situation in which the red fox is the main natural host of this species ( Bilska-Zając et al, 2020 ; Deksne et al, 2016 ; Kärssin et al, 2017 ). This is due to the fact that the T. britovi isolates recorded in the DB mainly originated from surveillance studies with a specific focus on wild boar ( Bilska-Zając et al, 2013 ; Kirjušina et al, 2015 ; Balić et al, 2020 ; Vieira-Pinto et al, 2021 ).…”

Trichinella-induced immunomodulation: Another tale of helminth success

“…The parasitic nematode Trichinella is characterized by an extremely wide host range and geographical distribution ( Pozio, 2021 ). At present, ten different species have been described: T. spiralis , T. nativa .…”

“…At present, ten different species have been described: T. spiralis , T. nativa . T. nelsoni , T. britovi , T. murrelli , T. patagoniensis , and the recently described species T. chanchalensis ( Sharma et al, 2020 ) are all included in the clade of encapsulating species, while T. pseudospiralis , T. papuae and T. zimbabwensis belong to the clade of non-encapsulated species ( Pozio, 2021 ). Trichinellosis, the disease caused by this parasite, is under control in countries in Europe and U.S.A., but it is emerging in both the industrialized and middle-income countries, such as China, Argentina and some eastern European ones ( Pozio, 2021 ).…”

Trichinella infections in animals and humans of Iran and Turkey

“…From the 19th century onward, the sylvatic cycle of Trichinella spp. has been documented in all the continents with the exception of Antarctica ( 4 ). In the last 20 years, epidemiological data of Trichinella spp.…”

“…infections in animals/and or human are reported from 95 (48.5%) countries worldwide including the wild cycle (in 75 countries; 38.3%), the domestic cycle (in 32 countries; 16.3%), and human infections (in 47 countries; 23.9%). However, epidemiological information is still lacking in many of countries or dates back to the last century ( 4 ).…”