Epidemiology investigation of PRRSV discharged by faecal and genetic variation of ORF5

Liu, Jian-Kui; Xu, Ye; Lin, Zhifeng; Fan, Jialin; Dai, Ailing; Dèng, Xiǎoyīng; Mao, Wan; Huang, Xiaozi; Yang, Xiaoyan; Wei, Cheng

doi:10.1111/tbed.13894

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The average age of the infected population is now believed to be lower compared to the pandemic outbreak in March 2020, possibly due to wider RT-PCR availability and the consequent reduction in missed diagnoses, especially in mild and asymptomatic young patients [ 3 , 14 ]. In the present study, however, COVID-19 patients during the second wave of the pandemic were slightly but significantly older than those infected during the first wave (68.26 vs. 64.52, p = 0.005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These measures have been effective in slowing down the pandemic, possibly reducing many millions of infections and averting the deaths of millions more; thus, they have been adopted as a model by many other countries. Moreover, several studies [ 2 ] have claimed that the seasonality of the immune response and the germicidal properties of solar UV rays during the summer months of 2020, as well as improved air quality due to city lockdowns [ 3 ], could have contributed to mitigating the COVID-19 epidemic, with a consequent reduction in both infection rate and criticality.…”

Section: Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing the first and the second waves of COVID-19 in Italy: differences in epidemiological features and CT findings using a semi-quantitative score

et al. 2021

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Purpose CT findings of hospitalized COVID-19 patients were analyzed during both the first and the second waves of the pandemic, in order to detect any significant differences between the two groups. Methods In this observational, retrospective, monocentric study, all hospitalized patients who underwent CT for suspected COVID-19 pneumonia from February 27 to March 27, 2020 (first wave) and from October 26 to November 24, 2020 (second wave) were enrolled. Epidemiological data, radiological pattern according to the RSNA consensus statement and visual score extension using a semi-quantitative score were compared. Results Two hundred and eleven patients (mean age, 64.52 years ± 15.14, 144 males) were evaluated during the first wave while 455 patients (mean age, 68.26 years ± 16.34, 283 males) were studied during the second wave. The same prevalence of patterns was documented in both the first and the second waves (p = 0.916), with non-typical patterns always more frequently observed in elderly patients, especially the “indeterminate” pattern. Compared to those infected during the first wave, the patients of the second wave were older (64.52 vs.68.26, p = 0.005) and presented a slightly higher mean semi-quantitative score (9.0 ± 2.88 vs. 8.4 ± 3.06, p = 0.042). Age and semi-quantitative score showed a positive correlation (r = 0.15, p = 0.001). Conclusions There was no difference regarding CT pattern prevalence between the first and the second waves, confirming both the validity of the RSNA consensus and the most frequent radiological COVID-19 features. Non-typical COVID-19 features were more frequently observed in older patients, thus should not be underestimated in the elderly population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the first and the second waves of COVID-19 in Italy: differences in epidemiological features and CT findings using a semi-quantitative score

et al. 2021

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“…The International Committee on Taxonomy of viruses grouped into two genotypes: European (Type 1, Lelystad) and North American (Type 2, VR-2332). Nowadays, multiple genetic lineages coexist in Chinese swine herds, including lineage 1 (NADC30-like), 3 (QYYZ-like), 5 (VR2332-like), and 8 ((CH-1a-Like/JXA1-like) of type 2 PRRSV [8,9]. As RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) lacks the 3 to 5 proofreading exonuclease activity, considerable genetic heterogeneity and taxonomic diversity have been noted among the PRRSV strains fully sequenced to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanopore-Based Direct RNA-Sequencing Reveals a High-Resolution Transcriptional Landscape of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

Viruses

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The TRS-mediated discontinuous transcription process is a hallmark of Arteriviruses. Precise assessment of the intricate subgenomic RNA (sg mRNA) populations is required to understand the kinetics of viral transcription. It is difficult to reconstruct and comprehensively quantify splicing events using short-read sequencing, making the identification of transcription-regulatory sequences (TRS) particularly problematic. Here, we applied long-read direct RNA sequencing to characterize the recombined RNA molecules produced in porcine alveolar macrophages during early passage infection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Based on sequencing two PRRSV isolates, namely XM-2020 and GD, we revealed a high-resolution and diverse transcriptional landscape in PRRSV. The data revealed intriguing differences in subgenomic recombination types between the two PRRSVs while also demonstrating TRS-independent heterogeneous subpopulation not previously observed in Arteriviruses. We find that TRS usage is a regulated process and share the common preferred TRS in both strains. This study also identified a substantial number of TRS-mediated transcript variants, including alternative-sg mRNAs encoding the same annotated ORF, as well as putative sg mRNAs encoded nested internal ORFs, implying that the genetic information encoded in PRRSV may be more intensively expressed. Epigenetic modifications have emerged as an essential regulatory layer in gene expression. Here, we gained a deeper understanding of m5C modification in poly(A) RNA, elucidating a potential link between methylation and transcriptional regulation. Collectively, our findings provided meaningful insights for redefining the transcriptome complexity of PRRSV. This will assist in filling the research gaps and developing strategies for better control of the PRRS.

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“…After 2006, HP-PRRSV strains become the predominant epidemic strains on pig farms (12). Since 2014, NADC30-like strains gradually increased in dominancy from HP-PRRS and became the most prevalent strains in mainland China (13,14). Liu et al (14) reported that from 2017 to 2019, 39 out of 62 PRRS positive fecal swabs were the NADC30-like strain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of the Synergy Between Live-Attenuated and Inactivated PRRSV Vaccines Against a NADC30-Like Strain of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in 4-Week Piglets

Liu

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The NADC30-like strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a novel strain responsible for substantial economic losses to swine production in China. This study evaluated the cross-protective efficacy of the synergy between live-attenuated and inactivated PRRSV vaccines compared with a single vaccination with PRRS modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine against challenge with NADC30-like strain, v2016/ZJ/09-03. A total of 45 PRRSV free pigs were randomly divided into five groups: (1) strict control (SC); (2) positive control (PC); (3) single MLV dose (M1); (4) primed intramuscularly with MLV and boosted with killed vaccine 3 weeks later (MK1); and (5) intramuscular prime MLV boosted subcutaneously with killed vaccine B 3 weeks later (MK2). Serological tests in MK groups revealed no differences in both anti-N and anti-GP protein antibodies compared with M1 group, and failed to provide further protection against clinical signs, virus shedding, and gross lesions. However, the viremic titer, gross lung lesions, and average daily weight gain were significantly improved in the MLV vaccinated groups, suggesting that MLV provides substantial cross-protection against the NADC30-like virus. Thus, as a booster, the killed vaccine confers minimal additional protection in NADC30-like infected piglets.

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Epidemiology investigation of PRRSV discharged by faecal and genetic variation of ORF5

Cited by 22 publications

References 55 publications

Comparing the first and the second waves of COVID-19 in Italy: differences in epidemiological features and CT findings using a semi-quantitative score

Comparing the first and the second waves of COVID-19 in Italy: differences in epidemiological features and CT findings using a semi-quantitative score

Nanopore-Based Direct RNA-Sequencing Reveals a High-Resolution Transcriptional Landscape of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Efficacy of the Synergy Between Live-Attenuated and Inactivated PRRSV Vaccines Against a NADC30-Like Strain of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in 4-Week Piglets

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