Epidemiology, Injury Severity, and Pattern of Standing E-Scooter Accidents: 6-Month Experience from a German Level I Trauma Center

Graef, Frank; Doll, Christian; Niemann, Marcel; Tsitsilonis, Serafeim; Stöckle, Ulrich; Braun, Karl F.; Wüster, Jonas; Märdian, Sven

doi:10.4055/cios20275

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In terms of injury patterns sustained from e-scooter usage, our observations match those of earlier studies from different countries 1 , 3 , 4 , 10 , 11 , 14 . Body regions especially prone to injuries are the face and upper extremities.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Most previous studies on e-scooter injuries only assessed fractures by body region. Graef et al were the first to give a detailed overview of the fracture types (excluding maxillofacial) and their treatment 11 . However, in their study, which included 43 e-scooter riders, only seven (16%) sustained an extremity fracture and four underwent surgery (radial head plus capitulum, clavicle, tibial plateau, and ankle).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the authors describe a high fracture incidence, with 31% of e-scooter riders sustaining a fracture of any kind 1 , 9 . While e-scooter crashes under the influence of alcohol were rather rare in the United States, studies from Europe and New Zealand showed alcohol intoxication in around one third of e-scooter riders presenting to the ED 3 , 4 , 10 , 11 . The high percentage of maxillofacial injuries recorded while under the influence of alcohol led Blomberg et al to conclude that “e-scooter riders are young adults who fall on their faces, often under the influence of alcohol or drugs”.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors and injury patterns of e-scooter associated injuries in Germany

Kleinertz

Volk

Dalos

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Since the introduction of widely available e-scooter rentals in Hamburg, Germany in June of 2019, our emergency department has seen a sharp increase in the amount of e-scooter related injuries. Despite a rising number of studies certain aspects of e-scooter mobility remain unclear. This study examines the various aspects of e-scooter associated injuries with one of the largest cohorts to date. Electronic patient records of emergency department admissions were screened for e-scooter associated injuries between June 2019 and December 2021. Patient demographic data, mechanism of injury, alcohol consumption, helmet usage, sustained injuries and utilized medical resources were recorded. Overall, 268 patients (57% male) with a median age of 30.3 years (IQR 23.3; 40.0) were included. 252 (94%) were e-scooter riders themselves, while 16 (6%) were involved in crashes associated with an e-scooter. Patients in non-rider e-scooter crashes were either cyclists who collided with e-scooter riders or older pedestrians (median age 61.2 years) who tripped over parked e-scooters. While e-scooter riders involved in a crash sustained an impact to the head or face in 58% of cases, those under the influence of alcohol fell on their head or face in 84% of cases. This resulted in a large amount of maxillofacial soft tissue lacerations and fractures. Extremity fractures and dislocations were more often recorded for the upper extremities. This study comprises one of the largest cohorts of e-scooter associated injuries to date. Older pedestrians are at risk to stumble over parked e-scooters. E-scooter crashes with riders who consumed alcohol were associated with more severe injuries, especially to the head and face. Restricted e-scooter parking, enforcement of drunk driving laws for e-scooters, and helmet usage should be recommended.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors and injury patterns of e-scooter associated injuries in Germany

Kleinertz

Volk

Dalos

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…In most of the patients included in the study, as reported by the low rate of fractures and the low rate of ISS and AIS injury scores, the reported injuries were minor, which could be related to the speed limits imposed for this type of vehicle [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric scooter–related accidents: a possible protective effect of helmet use on the head injury severity

Cittadini

Aulino

Petrucci

et al. 2022

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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Despite electric scooter use has proliferated in Italy since 2019, actionable data regarding injury incidence and patterns associated with electric scooter accidents are limited. This study aims at analyzing the rate, clinical, and demographic features of electric scooter accidents accessed to the Emergency Department (ED) of Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS (Rome, Italy). This retrospective study included all patients older than 18 years riding an electric scooter in the ED from June 2019 to April 2022. Personal data, injury circumstances, helmet use, and health data were collected. Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) codes of all diagnoses were recorded, and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) was calculated for each patient. The analysis includes 92 patients admitted to the ED due to an e-scooter accident during the study period, with an increase in years. Thirty-two patients presented bone fractures especially concerning the extremities and the face districts. The median Injury Severity Score in the study cohort was 3, with the highest AIS represented by AIS Pelvic-Extremity and AIS External. Moreover, statistical significance was found between AIS Head-Neck and severity of trauma. E-scooters have become a familiar sight in cities worldwide recently, with many new companies renting them for use. But their arrival has also brought new safety concerns. Although most injuries reported are minor, the meager rate of helmet use is critical. Implementing compulsory helmet use for electric scooters for all ages could be a protective factor for being patient with head trauma on urban streets.

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“…RESULTS A total of 5233 patients involved in RTCs were admitted (median age, 33 [IQR, years; 4629 [88.5%] men; median ISS, 13 [IQR,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]). The population included 229 e-scooter RTCs (4.4%), 4094 motorbike RTCs (78.2%), and 910 bicycle RTCs (17.4%).…”

Section: Main Outcomes and Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Injuries Associated With Electric Scooters, Motorbikes, and Bicycles in France, 2019-2022

et al. 2023

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ImportanceElectric scooter (e-scooter) use is increasing in France and in many urban environments worldwide. Yet little is known about injuries associated with use of e-scooters.ObjectiveTo describe characteristics and outcomes of major trauma involving e-scooters.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA multicenter cohort study was conducted in France using the national major trauma registry between January 1, 2019, and December 20, 2022. All patients admitted to a participating major trauma center following a road traffic crash (RTC) involving an e-scooter, a bicycle, or a motorbike were included.ExposureIncluded patients were compared according to the 3 mechanisms.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was trauma severity as defined by the Injury Severity Score (ISS). Secondary outcomes included the trends of the number of patients per year, a comparison of the RTC epidemiologic factors, injury severity, resources used, and in-hospital outcomes.ResultsA total of 5233 patients involved in RTCs were admitted (median age, 33 [IQR, 24-48] years; 4629 [88.5%] men; median ISS, 13 [IQR, 8-22]). The population included 229 e-scooter RTCs (4.4%), 4094 motorbike RTCs (78.2%), and 910 bicycle RTCs (17.4%). The number of patients treated following e-scooter RTCs increased by 2.8-fold in 4 years (from 31 in 2019 to 88 in 2022), while bicycle RTCs increased by 1.2-fold and motorbike RTCs decreased by 0.9-fold. At admission, 36.7% of e-scooter users had a blood alcohol content higher than the legal threshold (n = 84) and 22.5% wore a protective helmet (n = 32). Among e-scooter RTCs, 102 patients (45.5%) had an ISS of 16 or higher. This proportion was similar for patients with motorbike RTCs (1557 [39.7%]; P = .10) and bicycle RTCs (411 [47.3%]; P = .69). With a proportion of 25.9% (n = 50), patients with e-scooter RTCs had twice as many severe traumatic brain injuries (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤8) as motorbike RTCs (445 [11.8%]) and a proportion comparable to bicycle RTCs (174 [22.1%]). The mortality of e-scooter RTCs was 9.2% (n = 20), compared with 5.2% (n = 196) (P = .02) for motorbikes and 10.0% (n = 84) (P = .82) for bicycles.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest that trauma involving e-scooters in France has significantly increased over the past 4 years. These patients presented with injury profiles as severe as those of individuals who experienced bicycle or motorbike RTCs, with a higher proportion of severe traumatic brain injury.

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Epidemiology, Injury Severity, and Pattern of Standing E-Scooter Accidents: 6-Month Experience from a German Level I Trauma Center

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Risk factors and injury patterns of e-scooter associated injuries in Germany

Risk factors and injury patterns of e-scooter associated injuries in Germany

Electric scooter–related accidents: a possible protective effect of helmet use on the head injury severity

Comparison of Injuries Associated With Electric Scooters, Motorbikes, and Bicycles in France, 2019-2022

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