Epidemiology, Genetic Recombination, and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses

Su, Shuo; Wong, Gary; Shi, Weifeng; Liu, Jun; Lai, Alexander; Zhou, Jiyong; Liu, Wenjun; Bi, Yuhai; Gao, George F.

doi:10.1016/j.tim.2016.03.003

Cited by 2,612 publications

(2,874 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…CoV birçok hayvan türünde (sıçan, fare, tavuk, hindi, çeşitli kuş türleri, deve, diğer geviş getiriciler, beyaz balina, köpek, kedi, tavşan, domuz, vb.) solunum yolu hastalıkları veya gastroenterite neden olurlar (9) . İnsanlarda CoV enfeksiyonları esas olarak solunum yolu ve gastrointestinal sistemi tutulumuyla, çoğunlukla hafif, kendiliğinden iyileşen hastalıklar yaparken, ender olarak daha ağır, solunum yetmezliği ve renal tutulumla giden ölümcül seyir de gösterir.…”

Section: Virolojiunclassified

“…Filogenetik harita içinde, beta-CoV arasında A, B, C, D kökenleri bulunmakta ve MERS-CoV, insanda hastalık yapan diğer beta-CoV'dan (SARS-CoV, OC43, HKU1) uzak, yarasalarda bulunan CoV'lara daha yakın olarak yer almaktadır. Beta-CoV içinde, C kökenleri arasında insanda hastalık yapan koronavirüs-tür (5,(9)(10)(11) . Dünyanın birçok farklı bölgesinde yaşayan yarasalarda genetik olarak yakın CoV saptanmışsa da, Arap Yarımadası'nda MERS-CoV'un ara konağının tek hörgüçlü deve (hecin) olduğu gösterilmiştir (12) .…”

Section: Virolojiunclassified

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Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (MERSCoV) Infection

İnal¹

2016

Okmeydani Medical Journal

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Section: Virolojiunclassified

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (MERSCoV) Infection

İnal¹

2016

Okmeydani Medical Journal

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“…The disease is characterized by a high morbidity rate ranging from 50% to 100%. Mortality rate is usually low, typically less than 2%, with only a few reports describing case fatality associated with this virus [6][7][8][9][10] . The incubation period for BCoV-WD ranges from 2 to 8 days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyrexia is usually not present during the diarrheal phase of the disease, although it has been reported to precede it by 24 to 48 h or have no consistent relationship. Mild to moderate signs of respiratory disease (eg, cough, nasal discharge) have been inconsistently observed preceding or concurrent with the diarrhea [6,11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clinical manifestation of the syndrome depends not only on the BCoV itself, but also on the host, environmental factors, immunological status of the herd, ambient temperature and the occurrence of secondary co-infections with other pathogens [4][5][6][7] . According to Craig et al [7] the most accurate methods of laboratory diagnostics of coronaviruses are immunoelectron, electron microscopy (ЕМ) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as histological changes in the lung and intestines are not always specific for a definite histopathological diagnosis of coronaviral infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coronavirus Pnömoenteritis Sendromlu Buzağılarda Ultrastrüktürel ve İmmunohistokimyasal İncelemeler

Kalkanov¹,

Dinev²,

Todorovа³

et al. 2018

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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How to Cite This ArticleKalkanov I, Dinev I, Todorova K, Alexandrov M, Ananiev Y, Galabova M: Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical investigations in calves with Coronavirus pneumoenteritis syndrome. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 24 (6): 791-797, 2018. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2018 AbstractThe aim of present studies was the structural and morphogenetic investigation of spontaneous pneumoenteritis syndrome in newborn and growing calves with regard to confirmation of some structural features of disease morphogenesis. The research was done with 370 calves from 6 cattle farms in 4 regions of the country, at the age of 24 h -25 days. For rapid antigenic and viral detection of pathogens, Multiscreen Ag ELISA, Bovine respiratory, Pulmotest respiratory tetra ELISA kit for antigenic diagnosis of BoНV-1, BVDV, BRSV, and BPI-3 sandwich test for tissue lysates (BIOX Diagnostics, Belgium) and Rainbow calf scour 5 BIO K 306 Detection of Bovine Rotavirus, Coronavirus, Escherichia coli F5, Cryptosporidium parvum and Clostridium perfringens in bovine stool (BIOX Diagnostics, Belgium) were used. In 5% of cases, laboratory antigenic tests of lung tissue lysates from pneumonic calves detected co-infections with BoНV-1, BVDV, BRSV and BPI-3. The utilised antigenic, ultrastructural and virological diagnostic methods allowed concluding that they could be successfully used in the diagnostics of pulmonary and gastrointestinal viral infections in juvenile calves. Electron microscopy and immunohistochemical methods of lung and intestinal tissue are also important and applicable for diagnostics and in differential diagnostic recognition of the condition from other common diseases as IBR, BVD, BRSV, Mannheimia haemolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum, BRV and E. coli K99 (F5). Keywords: Calves, Pathology, IHC, Ultrastructure, BСoV Coronavirus Pnömoenteritis Sendromlu Buzağılarda Ultrastrüktürel ve İmmunohistokimyasal İncelemeler ÖzBu çalışmanın amacı spontan pnömoenteritis sendromlu yeni doğan ve büyüme dönemindeki buzağılarda hastalığın morfogenezine yönelik bazı yapısal özellikleri incelemektir. Çalışma ülkenin 4 bölgesinden 6 çiftlikte toplam 370 adet 24 saatlik ile 25 günlük arasındaki buzağı üzerinde gerçekleştirildi.

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Potential Effects of Coronaviruses on the Cardiovascular System

Safavi‐Naeini²,

et al. 2020

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oronaviruses (CoVs) are single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses, with the capacity for rapid mutation and recombination. Coronaviruses are known to cause respiratory or intestinal infections in humans and animals. 1 Acute respiratory infections, including influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and bacterial pneumonias, are well-recognized triggers for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), 2,3 and the underlying CVD is usually associated with comorbidities, which may increase the incidence and severity of infectious diseases. 4 The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has rapidly grown into a pandemic, and a large proportion of affected patients have been reported to have underlying CVD. 5,6 In this report, we briefly review the basics of coronaviruses and their potential effects on the cardiovascular system. Our knowledge of COVID-19 is still evolving rapidly, and this review discusses previous learnings from outbreaks of SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), as well as seasonal influenza, to obtain further insight into effects of coronaviruses on the cardiovascular system. Understanding the effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system is essential for providing comprehensive medical care for cardiac patients. Coronaviruses in HumansCoronaviruses are named for crownlike spikes on their surface and belong to the Coronavirinae subfamily, which are further classified into 4 groups: the α, β, γ, and δ CoVs by phylogenetic clustering, of which α and β are known to cause infection in humans. 7 Coronaviruses contain 4 major structural proteins: the spike (S) protein (which mediates attachment to the host receptor and subsequent fusion of the virus and cell membrane), the nucleocapsid (N) protein, the membrane (M) protein, and the envelope (E) protein. 8 The first human CoV (HCoV) was identified in the mid-1960s in human embryonic tracheal organ cultures, and until 2003, only 2 HCoV species, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, were recognized. Currently, 7 different CoV strains are known to infect humans, including HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1, which generally cause self-resolving infection. There are also severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and newly identified SARS-CoV-2, which can cause lethal respiratory infections in humans. 9,10 IMPORTANCE Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reached a pandemic level. Coronaviruses are known to affect the cardiovascular system. We review the basics of coronaviruses, with a focus on COVID-19, along with their effects on the cardiovascular system.OBSERVATIONS Coronavirus disease 2019 can cause a viral pneumonia with additional extrapulmonary manifestations and complications. A large proportion of patients have underlying cardiovascular disease and/or cardiac risk factors. Factors associated with mortality include mal...

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Epidemiology, Genetic Recombination, and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses

Cited by 2,612 publications

References 88 publications

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (MERSCoV) Infection

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (MERSCoV) Infection

Coronavirus Pnömoenteritis Sendromlu Buzağılarda Ultrastrüktürel ve İmmunohistokimyasal İncelemeler

Potential Effects of Coronaviruses on the Cardiovascular System

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