Epidemiology and Transmission

Klement, Eyal

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92411-3_13

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 41 publications

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“…Three known vaccines for LSDV are largely used in the field: Neethling vaccine, Kenyan (KO-180) strain vaccine and sheeppox virus (SPPV), or goatpox virus (GTPV) Gorgan goat pox (GTP) vaccine [27]. The LSDV Neethling attenuated strain of South Africa origin has been attenuated through 61 passages on the chorio-allantoic membrane and used as a vaccine strain for decades in Africa, Middle East, and Europe [25,28,29]. This strain has advantages in protecting against the disease despite of reported post-vaccination reaction in vaccinated population [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of a Combined Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) Live Vaccine

Safini

Elmejdoub

Bamouh

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) is the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP). Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral disease of cattle caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). LSD and CBPP are both transboundary diseases spreading in the same areas of Africa and Asia. A combination vaccine to control CBPP and LSD offers significant value to small-scale livestock keepers as a single administration. Access to a bivalent vaccine may improve vaccination rates for both pathogens. In the present study, we evaluated the LSDV/CBPP live combined vaccine by testing the generation of virus neutralizing antibodies, immunogenicity, and safety on target species. In-vitro assessment of the Mycoplasma effect on LSDV growth in cell culture was evaluated by infectious virus titration and qPCR during 3 serial passages, whereas in-vivo interference was assessed through the antibody response to vaccination. This combined Mmm/LSDV vaccine could be used to protect cattle against both diseases with a single vaccination in the endemic countries. There were no adverse reactions detected in this study and inoculated cattle produced high levels of specific antibodies starting from day 7 post-vaccination, suggesting that this combination vaccine is both safe and effective.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of a Combined Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) Live Vaccine

Safini

Elmejdoub

Bamouh

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Primary bovine white blood cells support dissemination of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus while suppressing viral replication

Kumar,

Frid,

Sol

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a severe infectious, emerging transboundary disease of cattle, caused by a Pox family DNA virus. Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infection is associated with a febrile response followed by emergence of widespread dermal nodules. In addition to the skin, LSDV resides in multiple internal organs and can be isolated from the blood of infected cattle. LSDV is suggested to be mechanically transmitted by biting arthropods. Live attenuated vaccines are commonly used to control disease and its spread. We have characterized the tropism, replication, and dissemination of a LSDV field isolate and of an attenuated vaccine strain usingin vitrosystems. To follow virus infection and dissemination in living cells, we have generated recombinant viruses expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under a synthetic viral promoter. Recombinant, GFP-expressing, LSDVs demonstrated similar replication kinetics to their corresponding parental LSDV strains in a bovine kidney cell line (MDBK). We further demonstrated that LSDV-GFP productively replicated in a bovine macrophage cell line and in primary bovine foreskin cells with no apparent differences between the field isolate and the vaccine strain. When bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were infected with either LSDV recombinant strain, we observed specific viral driven GFP fluorescence as well as significant viral gene expression. However, infected PBMCs failed to support substantial viral DNA replication and release of infectious progeny. Subsequent analysis of the anti-viral response revealed that heat treated (HT) LSDV induced the expression of interferon- stimulated genes (ISGs) in PBMCs, but this response was suppressed by infectious viruses. Finally, we show that despite failed replication, LSDV infected PBMCs transmitted the virus to recipient co-cultured MDBK cells and produced infectious foci, suggesting a potential role of PBMCs in LSDV dissemination.HighlightsVirulent and attenuated LSDV productively replicated in bovine kidney and bovine macrophage cell lines as well as in primary fibroblasts.Adherent white blood cells were susceptible to LSDV field and attenuated vaccine infection.LSDV showed active viral transcription in PBMCs yet no significant viral genome replication or production of infectious progeny.PBMCs infected with heat-treated LSDV but not with fully infectious viruses upregulated ISGs’ RNA.PBMCs transmitted and disseminated LSDV to contacting permissive cells.

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Epidemiology and Transmission

Cited by 2 publications

References 41 publications

Development and Evaluation of a Combined Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) Live Vaccine

Development and Evaluation of a Combined Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) Live Vaccine

Primary bovine white blood cells support dissemination of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus while suppressing viral replication

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