Epidemiology and Susceptibility Patterns of Hospital-Acquired Conjunctivitis in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Değirmencioğlu, Halil; B, Say; Tunay, Zühal Özen; Saygan, Sibel; Oğuz, Şerife Suna

doi:10.14744/ejmo.2017.21939

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the current study, we found that 66% of neonatal HAC cases were caused by Gram-negative bacteria, and this difference was attributed to the application of the CDC guidelines to define neonatal HAC [ 9 ]. Our findings are in line with various reports from India [ 8 ], Turkey [ 7 ], and Portugal [ 13 ] ( Table 4 ). The findings from these studies reported 60% to 70% of cases as having a Gram-negative bacterial etiology of HAC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…These bacteria have been usually described as causative agents for HAI in general, and HAC specifically. This result is similar to a Turkish report, in which they observed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Escherichia coli were the most common causes of bacterial HAC in neonates and accounted for 60% of all reported cases [ 7 ]. Likewise, Dias et al found that these three bacteria were responsible for about 50% of reported bacterial HAC cases in neonates [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Moreover, hospitalized newborns are at a higher risk of developing conjunctivitis because of various procedures in neonatal care, such as the use of eye patches for phototherapy or contracting nosocomial infections [ 4 ]. Thus, several outbreaks of healthcare-associated conjunctivitis (HAC) have occurred as a result in neonatal units and nurseries around the globe [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Therefore, HAC stands as one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAI) [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geographical location, prophylactic antibiotics, and particular microbial infections in healthcare facilities all affect the prevalence and range of HAC infectious pathogens. However, Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus , and other Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are prevalent in infections [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neonatal Healthcare-Associated Conjunctivitis: A Descriptive Study from Saudi Arabia

et al. 2022

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Healthcare-associated conjunctivitis (HAC) has been associated with serious ophthalmological complications in neonates, including blindness. This three-year retrospective, descriptive study was conducted between 2019 and 2021 to determine the most common bacteria associated with neonatal HAC at a tertiary-care hospital in Saudi Arabia. The inclusion criteria were defined based on the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) guidelines for the diagnosis of neonatal HAC. When HAC was clinically suspected, conjunctival swabs were obtained from neonates and sent to the microbiology lab following standard protocols. A univariate analysis was conducted on the included samples. A total of 79 cases met our inclusion criteria and were retrospectively studied. A descriptive analysis showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the leading cause of HAC, with 25% (20 cases), followed by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia (11.5% for each). About 9% of the analyzed cases were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Orogastric feeding was the most commonly (94%) associated factor with HAC, followed by respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and preterm birth, which were found in 70% and 64% of the cases, respectively. To conclude, HAC is an alarming healthcare problem, and bacteria, including Gram-negative bacteria, are common causes. Thus, physician awareness, effective communication with microbiologists, and the implementation of infection control recommendations, including hand hygiene, could minimize this problem and avoid the serious complications of HAC.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neonatal Healthcare-Associated Conjunctivitis: A Descriptive Study from Saudi Arabia

et al. 2022

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“…Whether considered colonization or active infection, the pathogens isolated could serve as a potential source of sepsis or bacteremia in vulnerable preterm and low birth weight infants, particularly those on non-invasive ventilation, and may also result in life-threatening systemic infections. Many of these hospitalacquired bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), are invasive pathogens resistant to antimicrobials (1,2,(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). As a result, some studies recommend collecting conjunctival samples for surveillance culture studies in the NICU to eradicate these pathogens and prevent sepsis or horizontal transmission of infection (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preterm infants with positive conjunctival swab culture: risk factors and association with late-onset sepsis–a retrospective cohort study

Gad,

Khalil,

Halil

et al. 2023

Front. Pediatr.

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IntroductionPurulent conjunctival discharge in hospitalized preterm infants may indicate conjunctivitis and warrant treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between positive conjunctival swab (CS) culture and late-onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine the relationship between positive CS culture growth results (CSP) obtained in preterm infants ≤34 weeks' gestation and the development of LOS within 120 h of obtaining CS compared with those who had negative CS culture results (CSN). Electronic medical records were reviewed from January 2015 until December 2019 for preterm infants presenting with purulent conjunctival discharge and underwent CS culture testing due to suspected conjunctivitis.ResultsOf the 234 CS cultures obtained during the study period, 145 (61.9%) were CSP compared to 89 (38.1%) CSN cultures. Gram-negative organisms accounted for 70% of all CSP cultures, with the remaining 30% being Gram-positive. Patients with CSP were smaller, younger, had lower 1-minute APGAR scores, and required respiratory support more frequently than those with CSN. Infants with CSP received antibiotics for longer periods, both topically and systemically. Infants who developed LOS were more likely to require invasive ventilation (adjusted odds ratio, 33.5; 95% CI, 2.52–446.5, p = 0.008). The incidence of LOS between the two groups was similar, with 6.2% observed in the CSP group compared to 3.4% in the CSN group (p = 0.543). Similarly, the rates of bacteremia were similar in both groups. Of the CSP patients who were presented with bacteremia, four out of seven (57%) exhibited bacteremia caused by the same organism found in their CS cultures. Similarly, within the entire cohort, respiratory cultures were performed on nine intubated patients within two weeks of obtaining CS cultures. Of these, in the CSP group, five out of six (83%) showed an organism identical to that found in the CS cultures.ConclusionThe study found a significant proportion of positive CS cultures in preterm infants, with distinct patient characteristics and treatment compared to negative cultures. While the incidence of LOS was not significantly different between the two groups, some CSP patients demonstrated bacteremia with the same CS organism, suggesting a possible connection between conjunctival or respiratory colonization and bacteremia.

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Epidemiology and Susceptibility Patterns of Hospital-Acquired Conjunctivitis in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Cited by 2 publications

References 11 publications

Neonatal Healthcare-Associated Conjunctivitis: A Descriptive Study from Saudi Arabia

Neonatal Healthcare-Associated Conjunctivitis: A Descriptive Study from Saudi Arabia

Preterm infants with positive conjunctival swab culture: risk factors and association with late-onset sepsis–a retrospective cohort study

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