Epidemiology and psychosocial assessment of COVID-19 among workersof the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control infected with COVID-19

Saleh, Fatima; Olatunji, David Idowu; Ofeimun, Ehichioya; Okpokoro, Evaezi; Crawford, Emily; Dalhat, Mahmood; Igumbor, Ehimario; Eziechina, Sunday; Inweregbu, Stella; Ochu, Chinwe Lucia; Ihekweazu, Chikwe

doi:10.4081/jphia.2023.2185

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Secondly, the variation equation of system 2.1 can be decomposed through linearization [3] of the state variables and the controls in the neighbourhood of some isoclines (κ * > 0), parallel the to the disease free equilibrium; E0(S * → κ * , 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) → 0. This yields a linear time varying system as follows…”

Section: Proofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The infection can also be contracted via the acts of touching objects or body parts; eyes, nose or mouth with hands that have the virus on them. There are different kinds of symptoms of COVID-19 experienced by people ranging from mild to severe life-threatening situations after a possible incubation period of about 2 to 14 days on coronavirus exposure, as guided by Nigeria Centre for Disease and Control(NCDC) [3]. Although a significant number of people with COVID-19 are asymptomatic(no symptom but infectious), or presymptomatic(infectious before completion of incubation period), others experience symptoms(infectious people after incubation period).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computational Nonlinear Dynamics: Analysis and Assessment in Optimal Control of COVID-19 in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Joshua,

Akpan,

Inyang

2024

JAMCS

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World Health Organization(WHO) instigates a continuous alertness and preparation to contain re emergence of other variants of corona viruses. In the same vein, public welfare managements in allocating health related resources require predictive decision making, made possible through the assessment of existing health challenges. Therefore it is imperative to carryout an efficiency analysis to prioritize and determine an optimal control strategy that curtailed the transmission of COVID19 in Akwa Ibom state. In this paper, a deterministic epidemic model has been formulated using principles of Mathematical modelling of infectious diseases. This is a nonlinear system of differential equations coupled with three (3) time-varying control functionals. The control functionals are exible educational programmes, vaccination and treatment of COVID-19. The usual fuzzy-like characterization of infection severity (0 \(\le\) R0, Rc \(\le\) 1) and ( R0 , Rc > 1) were achieved using the Next Generation Matrix Operator. An optimality system was derived using Pontryagin's Maximum principle, with some propositions on controllability criteria. Some forward-backward numerical solutions was executed in maple16 using validated datasets published by the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control(NCDC), peculiar to Akwa Ibom State. The efficiency analysis predicted that Strategy I (a combination of educational intervention programmes and vaccinations of the exposed and susceptible individual) as the most efficacious and optimal control strategy. Comparatively, Strategy I with 96% efficiency on reducing the infected sub-population is more effective than Strategy IV (a combination of the three control states) with efficiency index of 91%. A continuous vaccination and educational awareness programme has been recommended for community health practitioners, and compliance to these policies by the citizens can eradicate the dreaded pandemic with minimal intervention cost in the state.

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Section: Proofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Nonlinear Dynamics: Analysis and Assessment in Optimal Control of COVID-19 in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Joshua,

Akpan,

Inyang

2024

JAMCS

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“The right equipment, sundries … alone gives me a reason to go and work” Health workforce incentives and dis-incentives during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experiences from four African countries

Kiwanuka,

Babirye,

Kabwama

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic presented a myriad of challenges for the health workforce around the world due to its escalating demand on service delivery. In some settings incentivizing health workers motivated them and ensured continuity in the provision of health services. We describe the incentive and dis-incentives and how these were experienced across the health workforce in the Republic Democratic of Congo (DRC), Senegal, Nigeria and Uganda during the COVID-19 response. The disincentives experienced by health care workers during the pandemic were documented. Methods A qualitative study of a multi-country research involving four African countries namely: - DRC, Nigeria, Senegal and Uganda to assess their health system response to COVID-19. We conducted key informant interviews (n = 60) with staff at ministries of health, policy makers and health workers. Interviews were face to face and virtual using the telephone or zoom. They were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. Themes were identified and quotes were used to support findings. Results Health worker incentives included (i) Financial rewards in the form of allowances and salary increments. These motivated health workers, sustaining the health system and the health workers’ efforts during the COVID-19 response across the four countries. (ii) Non- financial incentives related to COVID-19 management such as provision of medicines/supplies, on the job trainings, medical care for health workers, social welfare including meals, transportation and housing, recognition, health insurance, psychosocial support, and supervision. Improvised determination and distribution of both financial and non-financial incentives was common across the countries. Dis-incentives included the lack of personal protective equipment, lack of transportation to health facilities during lockdown, long working hours, harassment by security forces and perceived unfairness in access to and inadequacy of financial incentives. Conclusion Although important, financial incentives ended up being a dis-incentive because of the perceived unfairness in their implementation. Financial incentives should be preferably pre-determined, equitably and transparently provided during health emergencies because arbitrarily applied financial incentives become dis-incentives. Moreover financial incentives are useful only as far as they are administered together with non-financial incentives such as supportive and well-resourced work environments. The potential for interventions such as service delivery re-organizations and lock downs to negatively impact on health worker motivation needs to be anticipated and due precautions exercised to reduce dis-incentives during emergencies.

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Epidemiology and psychosocial assessment of COVID-19 among workersof the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control infected with COVID-19

Cited by 2 publications

References 28 publications

Computational Nonlinear Dynamics: Analysis and Assessment in Optimal Control of COVID-19 in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Computational Nonlinear Dynamics: Analysis and Assessment in Optimal Control of COVID-19 in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

“The right equipment, sundries … alone gives me a reason to go and work” Health workforce incentives and dis-incentives during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experiences from four African countries

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