Epidemiology and Pathogenicity of Zoonotic Streptococci

Fulde, Marcus; Valentin‐Weigand, Peter

doi:10.1007/82_2012_277

Cited by 70 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 211 publications

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“…In view of this suggestion, Shi et al (80) have considered the development of antibacterial phage as a means to control infections, particularly by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Streptococcus suis, a zoonotic pathogen that causes septic arthritis (a toxic shock-like syndrome) and meningitis in humans and farm animals (81)(82)(83). These investigators used exogenous holin (TC no.…”

Section: Use Of Holins For Therapeutic Purposes In Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Holins in Bacteria, Eukaryotes, and Archaea: Multifunctional Xenologues with Potential Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications

2015

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bHolins form pores in the cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria for the primary purpose of releasing endolysins that hydrolyze the cell wall and induce cell death. Holins are encoded within bacteriophage genomes, where they promote cell lysis for virion release, and within bacterial genomes, where they serve a diversity of potential or established functions. These include (i) release of gene transfer agents, (ii) facilitation of programs of differentiation such as those that allow sporulation and spore germination, (iii) contribution to biofilm formation, (iv) promotion of responses to stress conditions, and (v) release of toxins and other proteins. There are currently 58 recognized families of holins and putative holins with members exhibiting between 1 and 4 transmembrane ␣-helical spanners, but many more families have yet to be discovered. Programmed cell death in animals involves holin-like proteins such as Bax and Bak that may have evolved from bacterial holins. Holin homologues have also been identified in archaea, suggesting that these proteins are ubiquitous throughout the three domains of life. Phage-mediated cell lysis of dualmembrane Gram-negative bacteria also depends on outer membrane-disrupting "spanins" that function independently of, but in conjunction with, holins and endolysins. In this minireview, we provide an overview of their modes of action and the first comprehensive summary of the many currently recognized and postulated functions and uses of these cell lysis systems. It is anticipated that future studies will result in the elucidation of many more such functions and the development of additional applications.

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Section: Use Of Holins For Therapeutic Purposes In Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Holins in Bacteria, Eukaryotes, and Archaea: Multifunctional Xenologues with Potential Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications

2015

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“…zooepidemicus é considerado um microorganismo comensal oportunista do trato respiratório superior, capaz de causar doenças secundárias, como problemas respiratórios e pneumonias em equinos e em outras espécies, incluindo o homem (Holden et al, 2009, Rasmussen et al, 2013, Fulde & Valentin-Weigand, 2013.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

PREVALÊNCIA E RESISTÊNCIA A ANTIBIÓTICOS DE (Streptococcus equi) DA CAVIDADE NASAL DE EQUINOS HÍGIDOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE FERNANDOPÓLIS, SÃO PAULO, BRASIL

et al. 2016

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RESUMO -A adenite equina, popularmente chamada de garrotilho, é uma enfermidade contagiosa, causada pela bactéria Streptococcus equi. A enfermidade é conhecida por ter alta morbidade e baixa letalidade e seus prejuízos econômicos devem-se à perda de performance e alto custo do tratamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a presença e o perfil de resistência a antibióticos de Streptococcus equi da cavidade nasal de equinos hígidos da região de Fernandópolis -SP. Foram utilizados 50 equinos hígidos sem raça definida e com idade entre 12 a 24 meses. De cada animal foram colhidas amostras de exsudato da cavidade nasal por meio de swabs esterilizados e em seguida colocados em tubos contendo ágar base acrescido com 5% de sangue ovino desfibrinado. Os isolados que apresentaram colônias mucosas e β-hemolíticas foram analisados pela coloração de Gram, submetidos ao teste da catalase, e identificados pelo sistema API Rapid ID 32 Strep. Todos os isolados foram avaliados em difusão em placa. Foram isolados sessenta e sete amostras de Streptococcus equi, das subespécies equi e zooepidemicus. Verificou-se prevalência maior de S. equi subesp zooepidemicus (p < 0,001). A maioria dos isolados de S. equi subespécies equi foram mutirresistentes, havendo diferenças significativas entre os diferentes antibióticos (p < 0,005), enquanto que foi verificada maior susceptibilidade nos isolados S. equi subespécies zooepidemicus (p < 0,05). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que ambas as subespécies de Streptococcus equi fazem parte da microbiota normal da cavidade nasal de equinos, e que as mesmas diferem quanto a susceptibilidade aos antibióticos. Palavras-Chave: Adenite equina; equinos; Streptococcus equi; susceptibilidade.ABSTRACT -Strangles is a disease of the respiratory tract of horses caused by Streptococcus equi. The disease has high morbidity and low lethality, and produces economic losses due to low performance and high cost treatment. This research focused on evaluate antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus equi from the nasal cavity of healthy horses from the region Fernandópolis -São Paulo. Fifty (50) mongrel healthy horses, ageing from twelve to twenty four (12-24) months were used. Samples from the nasal cavity of each animal were obtained using sterile swabs and after were cultured on blood agar base plus 5% defibrinated sheep blood. Plates that showed mucous colonies and β -hemolytic were tested using Gram stain method, the catalase test, and identified by the system API Rapid ID thirty-two 32 Strep. All isolates were analyzed by plate difusion. Sixty seven of the obtained isolates were Streptococcus equi subspecies equi and zooepidemicus. There was higher prevalence of S. subsp equi zooepidemicus (p < 0.001). Most isolates of S. equi subsp equi were antibiotical multiresistant with significant differences between different antibiotics (p < 0.005), whereas higher susceptibility was observed in isolated S. subsp equi zooepidemicus (p < 0.05). The results showed that both subspecies of Streptococcus equi are part of the no...

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“…Streptococci represent an important group of human and animal pathogens, 43 including species such as Streptococcus pyogenes, 108 Streptococcus canis, 7 Streptococcus equi (ie, S. equi subsp. equi and S. equi subsp.…”

Section: Pyogenic Streptococcimentioning

confidence: 99%

Horizontally Transferred Genetic Elements and Their Role in Pathogenesis of Bacterial Disease

2013

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This article reviews the roles that laterally transferred genes (LTG) play in the virulence of bacterial pathogens. The features of LTG that allow them to be recognized in bacterial genomes are described, and the mechanisms by which LTG are transferred between and within bacteria are reviewed. Genes on plasmids, integrative and conjugative elements, prophages, and pathogenicity islands are highlighted. Virulence genes that are frequently laterally transferred include genes for bacterial adherence to host cells, type 3 secretion systems, toxins, iron acquisition, and antimicrobial resistance. The specific roles of LTG in pathogenesis are illustrated by specific reference to Escherichia coli, Salmonella, pyogenic streptococci, and Clostridium perfringens.

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Epidemiology and Pathogenicity of Zoonotic Streptococci

Cited by 70 publications

References 211 publications

Holins in Bacteria, Eukaryotes, and Archaea: Multifunctional Xenologues with Potential Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications

Holins in Bacteria, Eukaryotes, and Archaea: Multifunctional Xenologues with Potential Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications

PREVALÊNCIA E RESISTÊNCIA A ANTIBIÓTICOS DE (Streptococcus equi) DA CAVIDADE NASAL DE EQUINOS HÍGIDOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE FERNANDOPÓLIS, SÃO PAULO, BRASIL

Horizontally Transferred Genetic Elements and Their Role in Pathogenesis of Bacterial Disease

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