Epidemiology and outcome of Sports-related Ophthalmic Trauma from lower middle-income countries using The International Globe and Adnexal Trauma Epidemiology Study (IGATES) registry

Abstract

Purpose Aims to identify patterns in sports-related ophthalmic injuries, their clinical findings, and final visual outcomes from a large international multicenter eye injury registry. Methods Retrospective and prospective analysis of patients with sports-related ophthalmic trauma from the International Globe and Adnexal Trauma Epidemiology Study (IGATES) registry from January 2020 to March 2022 was conducted. Results 322/3200 patients presented with sports-related ophthalmic trauma. Males (282, 87.6%) was the majority patients. The mean age was 24.6 ± 14.0 years old and 99.6% cases were unilateral. The common injuries were closed globe injury (CGI) (244/318) followed by open globe injury (OGI) (63/318). Only two patients used eye protection. Mean initial visual acuity (VA) was 0.81 ± 0.89 LogMAR and final VA was 0.57 ± 0.84 LogMAR (P < 0.001). Injuries to the anterior chamber (AC) (171/320), iris (124/314), and cornea (121/321) were the dominant clinical findings. Cricket (53) and Badminton (47) were the majority cause. Surgical intervention reported for 77 with 36 primary globe repairs. Using univariate analysis, initial VA, injuries to lens, sclera, posterior segment and retinal detachment, intraocular pressure (IOP), type of injury, surgery, and ocular trauma score (OTS) (P < 0.001), injuries to cornea, iris and AC (P < 0.05), were significantly associated with final VA. Initial VA, scleral injury (P < 0.001), injuries to cornea, iris, AC, lens and posterior segment (P < 0.05) were significantly associated with final VA in multivariate analysis. Conclusions Cricket and CGI were the majority cause of sports-related ophthalmic trauma. Initial VA followed by injuries to cornea, iris, AC, lens, sclera and posterior segment were associated with final VA.