Epidemiology and mechanisms of resistance among respiratory tract pathogens

Baquero, Fernando; Barrett, John; Courvalin, Patrice; Morrissey, Ian; Piddock, Laura J. V.; Novick, William J.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.1998.tb00691.x

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…The effects of tylosin on microbial profiles diminished over the course of this study. Therefore, the tylosin-induced changes in community composition may reflect an overgrowth of gram-positive bacteria or the replacement of antibiotic-susceptible strains with resistant organisms (2,23,26). Indeed, the alteration of microbial profiles in response to tylosin reflects to a significant extent the differential presence of L. gasseri.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Tylosin on Bacterial Mucolysis, Clostridium perfringens Colonization, and Intestinal Barrier Function in a Chick Model of Necrotic Enteritis

Collier

Klis²,

Deplancke

et al. 2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

102

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Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a worldwide poultry disease caused by the alpha toxin-producing bacterium Clostridium perfringens. Disease risk factors include concurrent coccidial infection and the dietary use of cereal grains high in nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), such as wheat, barley, rye, and oats. Outbreaks of NE can be prevented or treated by the use of in-feed antibiotics. However, the current debate regarding the prophylactic use of antibiotics in animal diets necessitates a better understanding of factors that influence intestinal colonization by C. perfringens as well as the pathophysiological consequences of its growth. We report a study with a chick model of NE, which used molecular (16S rRNA gene [16S rDNA]) and culture-based microbiological techniques to investigate the impact of the macrolide antibiotic tylosin phosphate (100 ppm) and a dietary NSP (pectin) on the community structure of the small intestinal microbiota relative to colonization by C. perfringens. The effects of tylosin and pectin on mucolytic activity of the microbiota and C. perfringens colonization and their relationship to pathological indices of NE were of particular interest. The data demonstrate that tylosin reduced the percentage of mucolytic bacteria in general and the concentration of C. perfringens in particular, and these responses correlated in a temporal fashion with a reduction in the occurrence of NE lesions and an improvement in barrier function. The presence of pectin did not significantly affect the variables measured. Thus, it appears that tylosin can control NE through its modulation of C. perfringens colonization and the mucolytic activity of the intestinal microbiota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Tylosin on Bacterial Mucolysis, Clostridium perfringens Colonization, and Intestinal Barrier Function in a Chick Model of Necrotic Enteritis

Collier

Klis²,

Deplancke

et al. 2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

102

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“…At present, a wide variety of antibiotics, antiseptics and disinfectants are in use where bacteria achieve multiple drug resistance. [31][32][33] Various studies have shown that photodynamic inactivation of bacteria with light in the visible wavelength range and porphyrin-based photosensitizers, like TMPyP, exhibit significant photosensitizing activities against a broad range of pathogens only in the presence of light and oxygen. A disadvantage might be the long time treatments, which includes the incubation and irradiation procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dirty hands: photodynamic killing of human pathogens like EHEC, MRSA and Candida within seconds

Eichner

Gonzales

Felgenträger

et al. 2012

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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aHand hygiene is one of the most important interventions for reducing transmission of nosocomial lifethreatening microorganisms, like methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) or Candida albicans. All three pathogens have become a leading cause of infections in hospitals. Especially EHEC is causing severe diarrhoea and, in a small percentage of cases, haemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) as reported for E. coli 104:H4 in Germany 2011. We revealed the possibility to inactivate very fast and efficiently MRSA, EHEC and C. albicans using the photodynamic approach.MRSA, EHEC and C. albicans were incubated in vitro with different concentrations of TMPyP for 10 s and illuminated with visible light (50 mW cm TMPyP on ex vivo porcine skin, fluorescence microscopy of histology showed that the photosensitizer was exclusively localized in the stratum corneum regardless of the incubation time. TMPyP exhibited a fast and very effective killing rate of life-threatening pathogens within a couple of seconds that encourages further testing in an in vivo setting. Being fast and effective, antimicrobial photodynamic applications might become acceptable as a tool for hand hygiene procedures and also in other skin areas.

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“…Resistance to multiple antibiotics was reported in 1977 from South Africa [16]. Currently, the prevalence of PRP in the US, France, Spain, most of Eastern Europe, Turkey, South Africa, and the Far East is greater than 30%, whereas a lower prevalence (B10%) is found in North Africa, New Zealand, and some parts of Europe [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and microbiologic efficacy and safety profile of linezolid, a new oxazolidinone antibiotic

Corti

Cinelli

Paradisi

2000

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

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Gram-positive cocci are important causes of infection both in the community and in the hospital, with repercussions on mortality and increased economic costs. Treatment of these infections is made difficult by the increasing emergence of multi-resistant organisms, primarily among Gram-positive cocci, such as vancomycin-resistant enterococci, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, and penicillin-resistant pneumococci. Linezolid, a member of the new class of synthetic antimicrobials named oxazolidinones, has several favourable characteristics including high activity against multiresistant Gram-positive cocci. In a number of clinical trials, linezolid showed good clinical and microbiologic efficacy in the therapy of infections caused by these organisms. It can be considered a valid option for treating both community-and hospital-acquired infections due to multiresistant Gram-positive cocci.

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Epidemiology and mechanisms of resistance among respiratory tract pathogens

Cited by 37 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of Tylosin on Bacterial Mucolysis, Clostridium perfringens Colonization, and Intestinal Barrier Function in a Chick Model of Necrotic Enteritis

Effects of Tylosin on Bacterial Mucolysis, Clostridium perfringens Colonization, and Intestinal Barrier Function in a Chick Model of Necrotic Enteritis

Dirty hands: photodynamic killing of human pathogens like EHEC, MRSA and Candida within seconds

Clinical and microbiologic efficacy and safety profile of linezolid, a new oxazolidinone antibiotic

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