Epidemiology and Management of South American Leaf Blight on Rubber in Brazil

Furtado, Edson Luiz; Moraes, Willian Bucker; Jesus, Waldir Cintra de; Anjos, Breno Benvindo dos; Silva, Lilianne Gomes da

doi:10.5772/intechopen.87076

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Coomes and Barham (1994) attribute the main reason of the lack of success of Amazonian rubber plantations to three factors: the scarcity of labor (due to high death rates), the success of extracting wild rubber (opposed to the high opportunity cost of capital when establishing a plantation), and the relatively long time for planted rubber to mature in the region (12 to 15 years) (Akers, 1912). The single most important reason why rubber plantations could not be grown in Amazonia, however, is related to their susceptibility to local pests (Furtado et al, 2019).…”

Section: The Amazonian Rubber Boom (1850 To 1920 Ce)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ford used this enterprise, called Fordlandia , to start a socio‐industrial experiment with the aim of imposing his brand of Americanism. The experiment failed by 1945 CE after his plantation was devastated multiple times by fungi contaminations (Furtado et al, 2019). In Fordlandia , deaths and riots due to his attempts of cultural imperialism and adverse work conditions were common (Grandin, 2009).…”

Section: Post‐colonial Historical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indigenous and colonial influences on Amazonian forests

Nascimento,

Aukes,

McMichael

2024

Plants People Planet

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Societal Impact StatementGlobal climate models that incorporate carbon sources and sinks usually consider that forest uptake of carbon is in a state of equilibrium. Both historical and paleoecological records suggest that this is commonly not the case for Amazonia. Here, the impacts of colonial practices on Amazonian Indigenous peoples and forests are reviewed. Human activities affect forests' successional stages, trajectories, and species composition. By increasing the spatial coverage of paleoecological records that focus on pre‐ and post‐Columbian periods, the long‐term interactions between humans and Amazonian forests and their role in affecting Earth's climate may be better understood.SummaryLegacy effects left by the activities of Indigenous people in Amazonia are well known. Although severe, widespread, and recently occurring, the impacts left post‐1492 CE have been less investigated. We review the impact of colonial practices on Indigenous peoples and Amazonian forests. We suggest that forests comprise the sum of their past events, in a mosaic of different cumulative successional trajectories depending on the type, frequency, intensity, and timing of human influence. In regions with a history of minimal human influence, old‐growth species sensitive to fire would be the dominant landscape. In regions with high pre‐Columbian and low colonial influence, old‐growth forests carrying pre‐Columbian ecological legacies would be prevalent. Regions occupied by Indigenous groups post‐1492 CE would also carry similar ecological legacies. In regions influenced by the Jesuits, mid‐successional forests are expected to be enriched with cacao trees. In regions of latex extraction during the rubber boom, mid‐growth forests would present high abundances of early and mid‐successional species and depletion of some species. In deforested areas, we expect early successional forests with influence of exotic useful species. This patchwork of history probably plays a large role in shaping today's forests, and the biodiversity and carbon dynamics documented within them. Paleoecological work focusing on the last millennium, although scarce, has the potential to detect these mosaics of past human influence, and they should be considered when estimating forest ages and successional stages across the basin.

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Section: The Amazonian Rubber Boom (1850 To 1920 Ce)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Post‐colonial Historical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigenous and colonial influences on Amazonian forests

Nascimento,

Aukes,

McMichael

2024

Plants People Planet

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From forest to plantation: a brief history of the rubber tree

Suryanarayanan

Azevedo²

2023

Indian J Hist. Sci.

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Capability of Phenology-Based Sentinel-2 Composites for Rubber Plantation Mapping in a Large Area with Complex Vegetation Landscapes

Zhao

Sun

et al. 2022

Remote Sensing

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Mapping rubber plantations in a large area is still challenging in high-cloud-cover and complex-vegetation landscapes. Existing studies were often confined to the discrimination of rubber trees from natural forests and rarely concerned other tropical tree species. The Sentinel-2 constellation, with improved spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution, offers new opportunities to improve previous efforts. In this paper, four Hainan Sentinel-2 composites were generated based on the detailed phenological stages delineation of rubber trees. The random forest classifier with different phenological stage combinations was utilized to discuss the capability of Sentinel-2 composites to map rubber plantations. The optimal resultant rubber plantation map had a producer’s accuracy, user’s accuracy, and F1 score of 81%, 84.4%, and 0.83, respectively. According to the rubber plantation map in 2020, there was a total of 5473 km2 rubber plantations in Hainan, which was 2.93% higher than the statistical data from the Hainan Statistical Yearbook. According to the Hainan Statistical Yearbook, the area-weighted accuracy at the county level was 82.47%. The mean decrease in accuracy (MDA) was used to assess the feature importance of the four phenological stages. Results showed that the recovery growth stage played the most important role, and the resting stage was the least important. Moreover, in terms of the combinations of phenological stages, any dataset group with two phenological stages was sufficient for rubber tree discrimination. These findings were instrumental in facilitating the rubber plantation mapping annually. This study has demonstrated the potential of Sentinel-2 data, with the phenology-based image-compositing technique, for mapping rubber plantations in large areas with complex vegetation landscapes.

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Epidemiology and Management of South American Leaf Blight on Rubber in Brazil

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Indigenous and colonial influences on Amazonian forests

Indigenous and colonial influences on Amazonian forests

From forest to plantation: a brief history of the rubber tree

Capability of Phenology-Based Sentinel-2 Composites for Rubber Plantation Mapping in a Large Area with Complex Vegetation Landscapes

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