Epidemiology and Etiology of Craniocerebral Trauma in the First Two Years of Life

Rocco, Concezio Di; Velardi, F.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7183-4_9

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…From 12 to 24 months, other non-specified causes were noted in 11% of the cases. 15 These data are generally in agreement with the data shown in Table I and re-analysed by Thurman from the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC) of the CDC. 118 The availability of CT and MRI has significantly improved the accuracy of diagnosis in TBI of all types but the biomechanical aspects of causation are not fully integrated into the nosologic skills of medical practitioners.…”

Section: Child Abusesupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Compared with non-intentional aetiology, intentional TBI was relatively rare in this age group. 15 In a second series by Canestri & Monzali of 5363 children up to 3 years of age, 3% were found to have suffered TBI. The majority of skull fractures (and evidence for increased intracranial pressure) occurred in infants between 9 and 17 months with the highest peak at 9 months.…”

Section: Clinical Data On Paediatric Tbimentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Annual paediatric head injury statistics represent an enormous emotional and financial burden of 300,000-400,000 hospitalizations, 6000 to 7000 deaths, and an estimated $10 billion in annual costs for injury to our children in the USA. 74 A recent survey by the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (CDC) of hospitalized and fatal TBI cases in infants 0-4 years old and in youths [15][16][17][18][19] years old in seven states shows the TBI counts and rates per 100,000 for 1994 (Table I). Falls were the major cause of death in infants followed by motor vehicle crashes and then by intentional injuries.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Traumatic Brain Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Youths (15)(16)(17)(18)(19) Causes of TBI impact. Autopsy findings discovered the findings of acute subdural haematoma, retinal haemorrhages and extensive soft tissue bruises in the shoulders and pectoral muscles.…”

Section: Infants (0-4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent reviews and reports of intentional TBI and the outcome have provided important data on clinical and radiological information of this tragic source of brain injuries and fatalities. 5,[15][16][17][18][19]45,74 Two aspects, however, have not been fully clarified; the mechanism of rebleeding in subdural haematomas and the biomechanics of retinal haemorrhages.…”

Section: Child Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomechanics and neuropathology of adult and paediatric head injury

Ommaya

Goldsmith

Thibault

2002

British Journal of Neurosurgery

349

222

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The objective of this study was to understand the biomechanics in age-related primary traumatic brain injuries (TBI) causing initial severity and secondary progressive damage and to develop strategy reducing TBI outcome variability using biomechanical reconstruction to identify types of causal mechanisms prior to clinical trials of neuro-protective treatment. The methods included the explanation of TBI biomechanics and physiopathological mechanisms from dual perspectives of neurosurgery and biomechanical engineering. Scaling of tolerances for skull failure and brain injuries in infants, children and adults are developed. Diagnostic assumptions without biomechanical considerations are critiqued. Methods for retrospective TBI reconstruction for prevention are summarized. Mechanisms of TBI are based on the differences between the mechanical properties of the head and neck related to age. Skull fracture levels correlate with increasing cranial bone thickness and in the development of the cranial sutures in infants and in adults. Head injury tolerance levels at three age categories for cerebral concussion, skull fracture and three grades of diffuse axonal injuries (DAI) are presented. Brain mass correlates inversely for TBI caused by angular head motions and locations of injurious stresses are predictable by centripetal theory. Improved quantitative diagnosis of TBI type and severity levels depend primarily on age and biomechanical mechanisms. Reconstruction of the biomechanics is feasible and enables quantitative stratification of TBI severity. Experimental treatment has succeeded in preventing progressive damage in animal TBI models. In humans this has failed, because the animal model received biomechanically controlled TBI and humans did not. Clinical similarities of human TBI patients do not necessarily predict equivalent biomechanics because such trauma can be produced in various ways. We recommend 'reverse engineering' for in-depth reconstruction of the TBI injury mechanism for qualitative diagnoses and reduction of outcome variability.

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Section: Child Abusesupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Clinical Data On Paediatric Tbimentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Mechanisms Of Traumatic Brain Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Infants (0-4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Child Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Biomechanics and neuropathology of adult and paediatric head injury

Ommaya

Goldsmith

Thibault

2002

British Journal of Neurosurgery

349

222

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Craniocerebral birth trauma caused by vacuum extraction: a case of growing skull fracture as a perinatal complication

1996

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A case of growing skull fracture following birth trauma and caused by vacuum extraction is reported in order to emphasize the incidence of this peculiar head injury at the beginning of extrauterine life and to point out its relation to possible neuropsychological disturbances that may appear later in childhood. Delivery by vacuum extraction increases the incidence of perinatal injuries and consequently the incidence of neurological deficits in children. Neurosurgical repair is advocated as the appropriate treatment, with the aim not only of cosmetically correcting the lesion's typical subgaleal protuberance with cranioplasty, but also of performing a water-tight closure of the dura, enabling the cerebral cortex to "fill in" the intracerebral lesion. The surgical technique and gross pathology of the lesion are described together with radiological findings before and after surgery. Reports by other authors are reviewed in an attempt to identify the conditioning factors and pathological features of this traumatic injury to skull and brain in neonates and infants. The literature on cranial fractures associated with intracerebral lesions at this age shows a significant difference in recovery and outcome from that after similar lesions in older children.

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Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury

Hooper

1998

Comprehensive Clinical Psychology

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Epidemiology and Etiology of Craniocerebral Trauma in the First Two Years of Life

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Biomechanics and neuropathology of adult and paediatric head injury

Biomechanics and neuropathology of adult and paediatric head injury

Craniocerebral birth trauma caused by vacuum extraction: a case of growing skull fracture as a perinatal complication

Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury

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