Epidemiology and economic impact of lumpy skin disease of cattle in Mymensingh and Gaibandha districts of Bangladesh

Abstract

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging viral disease of cattle that negatively impacts livestock by reducing animals' production and increasing management costs. Like other countries, Bangladesh has also faced the ominous effects of LSD. Because of this pressing concern, the present study was undertaken to determine the attack rate and risk factors along with economic losses of the recent LSD outbreaks from October 2019 to June 2020 in Bangladesh's Mymensingh and Gaibandha districts. A total of 1187 cattle from 150 randomly selected cattle farms were surveyed. The diagnosis was made both clinically and molecularly. The overall attack rate, mortality and case fatality were 34%, 1.10% and 3.23%, respectively, but in calves up to 1 month of age, the attack rate, mortality and case‐fatality were 41.6%, 12.5% and 30%, respectively. In risk factor analysis using multiple logistic regression, the following factors were significantly (p < .05) associated with LSD occurrence: no administration of goat pox vaccine, frequency of goat pox vaccination – single dose, introduction of new cattle, land type (low land and medium‐high land), use of common syringe and needle, and use of common utensils. The average economic loss per case was 9384.41 BDT (110.40 US $). The higher economic loss per case was accounted in Mymensingh district (10248.91 BDT ≈ 120.58 US $) than Gaibandha district (8211.52 BDT ≈ 96.61 US $). The loss was higher in crossbred cattle (9709.58 BDT ≈ 114.23 US $) compared to indigenous cattle (7595.94 BDT ≈ 89.36 US $). The total estimated annual loss due to LSD in Mymensingh and Gaibandha districts was 7763.25 million BDT (91.33 million US $). In Gaibandha district, the estimated annual loss was 2666.20 million BDT (31.37 million US $) while in Mymensingh district it was 5097.05 million BDT (59.97 million US $). Findings of the study could provide useful epidemiological data with losses incurred due to LSD to the livestock owners, field veterinarians and government‐level livestock regulators, which will help to formulate prevention and control strategies and minimize the negative impact of LSD's probable return or spread.

Clinical Epidemiology, Pathology, and Molecular Investigation of Lumpy Skin Disease Outbreaks in Bangladesh during 2020–2021 Indicate the Re-Emergence of an Old African Strain

“…In Bangladesh, the first outbreaks of LSD were reported in commercial and backyard holdings in the Chattogram district [31]. Further outbreaks were later reported throughout the country [32][33][34]. Currently, LSD is one of the most economically important emerging livestock diseases in Bangladesh due to its wide distribution and huge cattle population in the backyard or household settings, which add to the increasing poverty and decreasing food security [32].…”

“…Further outbreaks were later reported throughout the country [32][33][34]. Currently, LSD is one of the most economically important emerging livestock diseases in Bangladesh due to its wide distribution and huge cattle population in the backyard or household settings, which add to the increasing poverty and decreasing food security [32]. The disease is reported with varying clinical histories, and there is still a knowledge gap on the epidemiology and clinical presentation of LSD.…”

Retrospective genomic analysis of the first Lumpy skin disease virus outbreak in China (2019)

“…LSD is a severe systemic disease that was first reported in China 3 years ago, and it has severely impacted the cattlebreeding industry and brought significant economic losses to the affected areas (11). Before and after it, LSD outbreaks had occurred in several Eurasian countries, including Vietnam, Kazakhstan, Russia, India, and South Korea, and affected cattle, Korean water deer, and giraffe (4,(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36), indicating a wave of highly contagious epidemic. Here we present the genomic characterization of the virulent strain of LSDV, together with its homologous viruses that were subsequently discovered in China and Vietnam.…”

Characterization, histopathology and immunogenicity of the lumpy skin disease virus isolated during 2019–20 in Bangladesh

“…These outbreaks further spread to nearly all Central, South, and Southeast Asian countries ( Parvin et al, 2022 ; Uddin et al, 2022 ). By 2019–20, LSD had reached virtually every district in Bangladesh, emerging as an important disease ( Haque and Gofur, 2020 ; Sarkar et al, 2020 ; Badhy et al, 2021 ; Hasib et al, 2021 ; Khalil et al, 2021 ; Chouhan et al, 2022 ; Uddin et al, 2022 ). This widespread outbreak inflicted substantial financial losses on the livestock industry due to hide damage and a decrease in body mass.…”