Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections

Akhter, Javed; Johani, Sameera Al

doi:10.5772/29105

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…RSV showed circulation throughout most of the year but was highly seasonal, with annual peaks between November and February. This finding is consistent with both temperate North America [8] and with previous studies that have identified RSV seasons in Egypt, Jordan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates within the same time frame [33] and with the highest peak in January [30]. The height of hMPV circulation was between January and May, which is consistent with its pattern of infection in temperate climates, where peaks occur either with or just after RSV in late winter or spring [7].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Viral etiology, seasonality and severity of hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infections in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2007–2014

et al. 2017

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IntroductionLittle is known about the role of viral respiratory pathogens in the etiology, seasonality or severity of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.MethodsSentinel surveillance for SARI was conducted from December 2007 through February 2014 at 20 hospitals in Egypt, Jordan, Oman, Qatar and Yemen. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected from hospitalized patients meeting SARI case definitions and were analyzed for infection with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (AdV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and human parainfluenza virus types 1–3 (hPIV1-3). We analyzed surveillance data to calculate positivity rates for viral respiratory pathogens, describe the seasonality of those pathogens and determine which pathogens were responsible for more severe outcomes requiring ventilation and/or intensive care and/or resulting in death.ResultsAt least one viral respiratory pathogen was detected in 8,753/28,508 (30.7%) samples tested for at least one pathogen and 3,497/9,315 (37.5%) of samples tested for all pathogens–influenza in 3,345/28,438 (11.8%), RSV in 3,942/24,503 (16.1%), AdV in 923/9,402 (9.8%), hMPV in 617/9,384 (6.6%), hPIV1 in 159/9,402 (1.7%), hPIV2 in 85/9,402 (0.9%) and hPIV3 in 365/9,402 (3.9%). Multiple pathogens were identified in 501/9,316 (5.4%) participants tested for all pathogens. Monthly variation, indicating seasonal differences in levels of infection, was observed for all pathogens. Participants with hMPV infections and participants less than five years of age were significantly less likely than participants not infected with hMPV and those older than five years of age, respectively, to experience a severe outcome, while participants with a pre-existing chronic disease were at increased risk of a severe outcome, compared to those with no reported pre-existing chronic disease.ConclusionsViral respiratory pathogens are common among SARI patients in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Ongoing surveillance is important to monitor changes in the etiology, seasonality and severity of pathogens of interest.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Viral etiology, seasonality and severity of hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infections in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2007–2014

et al. 2017

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“…Viral infections occurred mostly in children one year of age and younger (88.9%), followed by children between one and five years of age (7.9%) and children over five years of age (3.2%). This is consistent with the age distribution of viral ALRI reported in developing countries [15][16][17][40][41][42][43] and Middle Eastern countries [18,20,24]. However, we did not identify a significant association between PLOS and the type of virus or seasonality.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The overall incidence is comparable to previous studies conducted in other developing countries [15][16][17] and to studies conducted in Middle Eastern countries [18][19][20]. The predominance of RSV is in concordance with the assertion that this virus is the single most frequently identified lower respiratory tract pathogen in hospitalized infants and young children worldwide [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Risk factors of prolonged hospital stay in children with viral severe acute respiratory infections

El-Kholy

Mostafa

Ali

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Severe acute lower respiratory infections (SARIs) are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in young children, especially in developing countries. The present study focused on detection of risk factors for prolonged hospital stays among children with viral SARIs. Methodology: A sentinel surveillance study was conducted at Cairo University Hospital (CUH) between February 2010 and May 2011. Nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs were collected from all children admitted with SARIs. Viruses were identified using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Out of 1,046 children, 380 (36%) were positive for one or more viruses; these included respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (22.9%), adenovirus (6.2%), parainfluenza viruses (PIVs1-3) (5.1%), human metapneumovirus (HMPV) (4.5%), influenza A (1.4%), and influenza B (0.6%). Viral etiology was mainly detected in children under one year of age (88.9%). Prolonged length of stay was independently associated with the presence of cyanosis and underlying chronic illness (OR 7.4, CI: 1.8-30.32 [p = 0.005], OR 2.5, CI: 1.36-4.64 [p = 0.004], respectively). Virus type did not affect the length of hospital stay (p > 0.05). Oxygen therapy was required in 91% of the patients. A total of 43 patients (11.6%) required intensive care admission. Twenty-one patients (5.5%) died, and 15 of them (71.4%) had an underlying chronic illness. Conclusions: The study demonstrated the important burden of respiratory viruses as a cause of SARI in hospitalized children in a tertiary Egyptian hospital. Cyanosis and underlying chronic illness were significantly associated with prolonged length of stay.

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“…Respiratory syncytial viruses cause about 33 million episodes of acute lower respiratory infections in children under five years worldwide, with about 10% requiring hospital admission and up to 199 000 dying from the infection every year [17,18]. Studies have been conducted in several countries to better understand the burden and epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in the Region and its importance as a cause of acute lower respiratory infections in children under five years [19][20][21]. The countries used the existing surveillance platform for severe acute respiratory infections and identified the highest number of influenza-positive cases in children between 6 and 12 months of age whereas the highest number of cases positive for respiratory syncytial virus were in children between 2 and 6 months [22].…”

Section: Surveillance Of Respiratory Syncytial Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourth meeting of the Eastern Mediterranean Acute Respiratory Infection Surveillance (EMARIS) network and first scientific conference on acute respiratory infections in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 11-14 December, 2017, Amman, Jordan

Abubakar¹,

Barakat²,

Allam³

et al. 2019

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections

Cited by 12 publications

References 53 publications

Viral etiology, seasonality and severity of hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infections in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2007–2014

Viral etiology, seasonality and severity of hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infections in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2007–2014

Risk factors of prolonged hospital stay in children with viral severe acute respiratory infections

Fourth meeting of the Eastern Mediterranean Acute Respiratory Infection Surveillance (EMARIS) network and first scientific conference on acute respiratory infections in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 11-14 December, 2017, Amman, Jordan

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