Epidemiology and Cost of Nosocomial Gastroenteritis, Avon, England, 2002–2003

Lopman, Ben; Reacher, Mark; Vipond, Ian B.; Hill, Dawn; Perry, Christine; Halladay, Tracey; Brown, David; Edmunds, W. John; Sarangi, Joyshri

doi:10.3201/eid1010.030941

Cited by 205 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

159

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In this study, we used viral load measurements from IID cases in the Study of Infectious Intestinal Disease in England to improve estimates of the incidence of norovirus-associated IID in the community and leading to general practice consultations. Accurate estimates of norovirus-associated IID incidence at the community level are essential for understanding the introduction of norovirus into health-care settings, where outbreaks cause substantial economic burden and service disruption (10), and for informing potential vaccination programs (11,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic norovirus infection in the community in England

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Existing estimates of the incidence of infectious intestinal disease (IID) caused by norovirus are based on electron microscopy or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Neither method accurately represents norovirus disease burden: Electron microscopy has poor diagnostic sensitivity, and RT-PCR has poor diagnostic specificity. In this study, viral load measurements were used to identify cases of norovirus-associated IID and to produce new incidence estimates for England. IID cases were ascertained in the Study of Infectious Intestinal Disease in England (1993England ( -1996, and stool specimens were tested by semiquantitative real-time RT-PCR for norovirus. The age-adjusted community incidence of norovirus-associated IID was 4.5/100 person-years (95% credibility interval: 3.8, 5.2), equating to 2 million episodes/year. Among children aged less than 5 years, the community incidence was 21.4/100 person-years (95% credibility interval: 15.9, 27.7), and the incidence of consultations to general practitioners for norovirus-associated IID was 3.2/100 person-years (95% credibility interval: 2.6, 3.8), with 100,000 children visiting their general practitioner for norovirus-associated IID each year. Norovirus is the most common cause of IID in the community in England and is responsible for a similar number of pediatric primary care consultations as rotavirus.England; gastroenteritis; incidence; Monte Carlo method; Norovirus; primary health care; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction Abbreviations: IID, infectious intestinal disease; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic norovirus infection in the community in England

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is the second most common cause of death due to infectious diseas es in children under fi ve years of age and also a major cause of adult death in such countries 1,2,3 . Rotavirus remains the most common cause of severe, dehydrating diarrhoea among children worldwide 4,5,6 . In Nepal Rotavirus burden was found in 25-50 percent of children with diarrhoea among hospitalized and non hospitalized infants and young children 7,8,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus Nosocomial Infection in Children under 5 years of age: A Preliminary study in Nepal

Sherchan

Ohara

Sherpa³

et al. 2011

J. Nepal Paedtr. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Rotavirus is one of the most common causes of acute gastroenteritis among infants and young children. The spread of rotavirus infection in pediatric wards can cause acute diarrhoea during hospitalization, and in turn, prolong hospitalization or need, rehospitalization. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of nosocomial infection due to rotavirus and other causal organisms among children less than 5 years of age. Methodology: A cross-sectional study between November 2009 and May 2010 was conducted among 96 pediatric patients in children hospital, Nepal. Stool samples were collected during hospitalization and up to 3 days after discharge from the hospital. Rotavirus antigens were detected by EIA and standard microbiological procedure were applied for other enteric pathogens. Results: The prevalence of nosocomial infection due to rotavirus was 30.2% (29/96). Of them, 16 (55.17%) of the 29 children with nosocomial infection during hospitalization and/or up to 72 hours after discharge developed diarrhoea. The prevalence of symptomatic cases of nosocomial infection was 55.17% (16/29), which involved 16.7% (16/96) of the study subjects, showing a prevalence of 44.82% (13/29) for asymptomatic nosocomial infection consisted of 13.54% (13/96) of the total subjects. Eleven of the 16 symptomatic subjects of nosocomial infection were affected by diarrhoea during hospitalization and five subjects after discharge. Bacteria (8.3%) and protozoa (5.2%) agents were also causing nosocomial infection in children. Conclusions: Children attending hospital may asymptomatically carry enteric pathogens and potentially act as source of nosocomial infection. Due to the relatively high frequency of nosocomial infection in the Children Hospital of Nepal, it is necessary to follow strictly hygienic rules such as isolation of patients with diarrhoea and hand-washing before and after the examination of each patient and cleaning the examination instruments after use in each patient.

show abstract

“…Der An teil an no ro vi rusbe ding ten Aus brü chen liegt dem nach bei 63. Eine früh zei ti ge Sta ti ons schlie ßung in ner halb der ers ten 3 Tage nach Ausbruch be ginn kann die Aus bruchs dau er und da mit die ent ste hen den Kos ten signi fi kant/deut lich sen ken [42]. Soll ten No ro vi rus in fek tio nen auf Statio nen mit er heb lich im mun ge schwäch-ten Pa ti en ten (z.…”

Section: Prä Ven Ti Onunclassified

Norovirusinfektionen in Deutschland

Koch

Schneider

Stark

et al. 2006

Bundesgesundheitsbl - Gesundheitsforsch - Gesundheitsschutz

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

No ro vi rus in fek tio nen in Deutsch landBun des ge sund heits bl -Ge sund heits forschGe sund heits schutz 2006 · 49:296- Hin ter grund und Ta xo no mieOb wohl ers te Be rich te über Ma gen-DarmEr kran kun gen (Ga stro en te ritiden) be reits vor mehr als 5000 Jah ren in Hie ro gly phenschrif ten auf Pa py rus ver fasst wur den, konn ten erst seit dem ver gan ge nen Jahrhun dert en te ro pa tho ge ne Vi ren als po tenzi el le Er re ger di ag nos tisch ein ge grenzt werden. Dies be züg lich war der im mu n elektro nen mi kro sko pi sche Nach weis von ca. 30 nm gro ßen Par ti keln 1972 durch Ka pi kian et al. [1] in Stuhl pro ben von Frei wil li gen, die mit Stuhl fil trat aus ei nem Ga stro en te ritis aus bruch von 1968 in der Stadt Nor walk im Bun des staat Ohio/USA in fi ziert wurden, ein Durch bruch für die Auf klä rung nicht bak te ri ell ver ur sach ter aku ter Ga stroen te ritiden. In der Fol ge wur den dann weite re Vi ren als ätio lo gi sches Agens epi de mischer und spo ra di scher Ga stro en te ritiden iden ti fi ziert. Heu te ist das zu nächst nach dem Her kunfts ort be nann te Nor walk vi rus (bzw. die Nor walk-like-Vi ren) ne ben dem Ro ta vi rus das be herr schen de vi ra le Agens in fek ti öser Ga stro en te ri tis [2]. Ge mäß einer Fest set zung des In ter na tio nal Com mittee on Ta xo no my of Vi ru ses er folg te Ende 2002 eine Um be nen nung der Nor walklike-Vi ren in No ro vi ren (NV).Ob wohl das No ro vi rus nicht die cha rakte ris ti sche Ca li ci vi rus mor pho lo gie zeigt, wie sie z. B. für das Sa po vi rus (vor mals Sapo ro-like-Vi rus) be kannt ist (. Abb. 1), wur de es doch auf grund sei ner Ge nomstruk tur und -or ga ni sa ti on der Fa mi lie der Ca li ci vi ri dae zu ge ord net. Heu te dif fe renziert man in die ser Vi rus fa mi lie zwi schen 4 Ge ne ra (. Ta bel le 1), den Noro-, Sapo-, Vesi-und La go vi ren [3]. Auf der Grund lage phy lo ge ne ti scher Stu di en (Nu kle in säu-re se quenz ver gleichs ana ly sen) ge hö ren zu dem Ge nus No ro vi rus auch 2 nicht-human pa tho ge ne Vi ren, das Je na vi rus (JV) [4] und das kürz lich ent deck te Maus no rovi rus (MNV) [5]. Vi ro lo gieNo ro vi ren wer den auf grund ih rer Morpho lo gie als klei ne, run de struk tu rier te Vi ren (small round struc tu red vi ru ses) bezeich net. Sie be sit zen eine li nea re, 3'-termi nal po ly ade ny lier te Ein zel strang-RNA po si ti ver Po la ri tät (Grö ße: ca. 7,5 Kb). Das 5'-Ende des Ge noms wird von einem vi rus ko dier ten Pro te in (VPg) flankiert. Die vi ra le RNA ko diert über 3 diffe ren te of fe ne Le serah men (ORF1, 2 und 3) die Nicht struk tur-und Struk tur pro te ine (. Abb. 2) [6,7]. Der ers te of fe ne Leserah men (ORF1, ca. 5100-5300 Nk umfas send) ko diert ein Po ly pro te in, das nach pro teo ly ti scher Spal tung in 6 Nichtstruk tur pro te i ne pro zes siert wird. Über die Funk ti on der Nicht struk tur pro te i ne im vi ra len Re pli ka ti ons zy klus gibt es derzeit nur be grenz te In for ma tio nen. Die funk tio nel le Be deu tung der Nicht struktur pro te i ne wird meh...

show abstract

Epidemiology and Cost of Nosocomial Gastroenteritis, Avon, England, 2002–2003

Abstract: Implementing control measures rapidly may be effective in controlling gastroenteritis outbreaks.

Cited by 205 publications

References 23 publications

Prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic norovirus infection in the community in England

Prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic norovirus infection in the community in England

Rotavirus Nosocomial Infection in Children under 5 years of age: A Preliminary study in Nepal

Norovirusinfektionen in Deutschland

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About