Epidemiology and Control of Child Toxocariasis in the Western Brazilian Amazon – A Population-Based Study

Oliart-Guzmán, Humberto; Delfino, Breno Matos; Martins, Antonio Camargo; Mantovani, Saulo Augusto Silva; Braña, Athos Muniz; Pereira, Thasciany Moraes; Branco, Fernando Luiz Cunha Castelo; Ramalho, Alanderson Alves; Campos, Rhanderson Gardinali; Fontoura, Pablo S.; Araújo, Thiago Santos de; Oliveira, Cristieli S. M.; Muniz, Pascoal Torres; Rubinsky-Elefant, Guita; Codeço, Cláudia Torres; Silva‐Nunes, Mônica da

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.13-0506

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Living in rural regions (P = 0.018) and contact with dogs were significant risk factors for T. canis seropositivity in this province. Children living in rural areas, especially in our country, are more likely to be exposed to other risk factors such as contact with dogs, low parental educational level, poor personal hygiene and use of non-piped water (25,26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxocara Infection in Asthmatic Children: A Case-Control Study in Karaj District, Iran

Sadri

Gharavi

Arjmand³

et al. 2019

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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Background: It has been proposed that the migration of Toxocara canis larvae through the lungs is a contributing factor in the development of asthma and association of asthma and toxocariasis has been reported. The seroprevalence of toxocariasis varies widely among children living in different countries and even in different regions of a single country. Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare seroprevalence of anti-Toxocara antibodies in asthmatic and healthy children in Karaj, Iran. Methods: A serological study was conducted in children aged 1 to 15 years old for detection of antibodies to Toxocara canis in two groups (92 asthmatic children and 100 non-asthmatic children as control group), using commercial ELISA method for determination of IgG antibodies against Toxocara. Results: Only one patient (1.09%) had positive levels of anti-Toxocara antibodies in the case group, while no one had them in the control group. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between IgG antibodies against Toxocara canis and asthma. More than 90% of children in both case and control groups were residents of urban areas. Conclusions: We did not find any association between Toxocara infection and childhood asthma, suggesting that it may not be a common risk factor for childhood asthma in our urban area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxocara Infection in Asthmatic Children: A Case-Control Study in Karaj District, Iran

Sadri

Gharavi

Arjmand³

et al. 2019

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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“…It is located 344 km southwest of Rio Branco, and it borders the municipality of Brazil to the east, the cities of Iñapari (Peru) and Bolpebra (Bolivia) to the south, and the municipality of Sena Madureira to the north. A map showing the location of the city has been published elsewhere [ 8 ]. The climate is equatorial hot and humid, a subdivision of tropical climate [ 9 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic inequities and hepatitis A virus infection in Western Brazilian Amazonian children: spatial distribution and associated factors

et al. 2015

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BackgroundHepatitis A is still a neglected health problem in the world. The most affected areas are the ones with disadvantaged socioeconomic conditions. In Brazil, seroprevalence studies showed that 64.7 % of the general population has antibodies against HAV (hepatitis A virus), and the Amazon region has the highest seroprevalence in the country.MethodsIn the present study the seroprevalence of total HAV antibodies in children between 1 and 5 years old residing in the urban area of Assis Brasil, Acre was measured and spatial distribution of several socioeconomic inequities was evaluated.ResultsIn the year of 2011, seroprevalence rate was 16.66 %. Factors associated with having a positive serology identified by multivariate analysis were being of indigenous ethnicity [adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 3.27, CI 1.45–7.28], usage of water from the public system (aOR = 8.18, CI 1.07–62.53), living in a house not located in a street (aOR = 3.48, CI 1.54–7.87), and child age over 4 years old (aOR = 2.43, CI 1.23–4.79). The distribution of seropositive children was clustered in the eastern part of the city, where several socioeconomic inequities (lack of flushed toilets, lack of piped water inside the household and susceptibility of the household to flooding during rain, low maternal education, having wood or ground floor at home, and not owning a house, lack of piped water at home, and type of drinking water) also clustered.ConclusionsThe findings highlight that sanitation and water treatment still need improvement in the Brazilian Amazon, and that socioeconomic development is warranted in order to decrease this and other infectious diseases.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1164-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Even though these are important parasitic diseases, they remain neglected public health issues. Their clinical presentation is diverse as related to the immune response of the host to the parasite load and the affected organ 5 . Both parasites have similar routes of infection that include consumption of contaminated drinking water, raw fruits or vegetables, raw or undercooked meat, viscera contaminated with oocysts excreted by infected cats ( T. gondii ) or eggs eliminated by dogs ( T. canis ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara canis in a human rural population of Southern Rio Grande do Sul

Araújo

Villela

Sena-Lopes

et al. 2018

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Due to the growing population of pets, especially homeless dogs and cats, zoonoses still represent a significant public health problem. Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. are epidemiologically important zoonotic agents as they are etiological factors of human toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis, respectively. These parasites remain neglected even though they are substantially prevalent in rural areas. The aim of this study was to investigate T. gondii and T. canis seroprevalence and risk factors of seropositivity in a rural population in Pelotas municipality, Brazil. The study participants (n=344) were patients of a Basic Healthcare Unit (BHU) located in Cerrito Alegre. Blood samples were collected and tested for T. gondii antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence and T. canis antibodies by an indirect ELISA that targets an excreted-secreted antigen (TES). T. gondii seropositivity was 53.2%, with higher titers (1:256 - 1:1,024) in individuals who habitually eat pork, beef, or chicken, while T. canis seropositivity was 71.8% and concomitant T. gondii and T. canis seropositivity was 38.3%. Among the seropositivity risk factors assessed, only habitual undercooked meat consumption was significant (p = 0.046; OR = 3.7) for T. gondii and none of them were associated with T. canis seropositivity. Both parasites have a high prevalence in rural areas, which reinforces the need to invest in rural community education and health.

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Epidemiology and Control of Child Toxocariasis in the Western Brazilian Amazon – A Population-Based Study

Cited by 17 publications

References 58 publications

Toxocara Infection in Asthmatic Children: A Case-Control Study in Karaj District, Iran

Toxocara Infection in Asthmatic Children: A Case-Control Study in Karaj District, Iran

Socioeconomic inequities and hepatitis A virus infection in Western Brazilian Amazonian children: spatial distribution and associated factors

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara canis in a human rural population of Southern Rio Grande do Sul

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