Epidemiology and control of bovine herpesvirus 1 infection in Europe

Raaperi, Kerli; Orro, Toomas; Viltrop, Arvo

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.040

Cited by 112 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…As regards the latter, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is the etiological agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, infectious pustular vulvo-vaginitis, abortion and balanoposthitis, and it also is an important component of the bovine respiratory disease complex, causes severe economic losses and imposes restrictions to international livestock trade. Endemic in cattle populations worldwide (Raaperi et al, 2014), BoHV-1 cocirculates with the closely related bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) rarely in Europe, Australia and the USA but with a strong geographical distribution in South America (Del Medico Zajac et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of natural interspecific recombinant viruses between bovine alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5

Maidana

Craig

et al. 2017

Virus Research

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Closely related bovine alphaherpesviruses 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) co-circulate in certain countries, rendering cattle co-infection possible. This is a prerequisite for BoHV recombination. Here, we report the first identification of homologous recombination between field isolates of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5, two alphaherpesviruses belonging to two distinct species with an average genomic similarity of 82.3%. Three isolates of BoHV-5, previously classified as subtype "BoHV-5b", were phylogenetically studied and analyzed via eight PCR sequencing assays dispersed at regular intervals throughout the genome to discriminate between BoHV-1 and BoHV-5. In the phylogenetic analysis, differences of clustering were found in the UL27 gene which encodes the glycoprotein B (gB). We detected two recombination breakpoints in the open reading frame of the UL27 gene. We compared the amino acid sequences of the gB of BoHV-1.1 and 1.2, BoHV-5a and recombinant formerly named BoHV-5b (chimeric gB) and subsequently performed molecular modeling. All structures were alike and, simultaneously, similar to the chimeric gB. Neutralizing antibodies against BoHV-1, BoHV-5 and recombinant viruses were analyzed via serum virus neutralization test using polyclonal sera and a monoclonal antibody against gB to demonstrate an absence of viral escape for both assays.Our results show that homologous recombination between two related species of ruminant alphaherpesviruses can occur in natural field conditions. We found three recombinant field isolates, previously classified as BoHV-5b subtypes, between BoHV-1 and BoHV-5.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of natural interspecific recombinant viruses between bovine alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5

Maidana

Craig

et al. 2017

Virus Research

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“…In the absence of control, prevalence of infection is typically high both at animal and herd levels. Raaperi et al (2014) reviewed several different prevalence surveys in Europe and found herd-level prevalences to range from 13.4% to 100% (mean 66.3%, median 70.4%) and animal-level prevalence to range from 12.0% to 77.5% (mean 37.7%, median 38.4%). Calves have a lower prevalence of infection than adult cattle, although the incidence of seroconversion is higher in animals aged < 24 months than in adult cattle.…”

Section: Article 7(a)(ii) the Morbidity And Mortality Rates Of The DImentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)

More¹,

Bøtner²,

Butterworth

et al. 2017

EFS2

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“…In addition, IBRV is one of the bovine respiratory disease complex pathogens, which is the leading cause of cattle death around the world [2][3][4]. Taken together, it is a major disease of cattle leading to significant economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide [5,6]. Several developed countries such as Germany, have adopted immunization and eradication of pathogen-positive animals for IBR control [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid detection of infectious bovine Rhinotracheitis virus using recombinase polymerase amplification assays

et al. 2017

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BackgroundInfectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) is a major pathogen in cattle and has led to significant economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide, and therefore a more optimal method for the rapid diagnosis of IBRV infection is highly needed. In this study, we described the development of a lateral flow dipstrip (LFD) of isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) method for rapid detection of IBRV.MethodsDistinct regions were selected as a candidate target for designing the LFD-RPA primers and probes. The analytical sensitivity of the RPA assay was determined using ten-fold serially diluted IBRV DNA. The specificity of the assay was assessed with other viral pathogens of cattle with similar clinic and other herpesviruses. The clinical performance was evaluated by testing 106 acute-phase high fever clinical specimens.ResultsRPA primers and probe were designed to target the specific conserved UL52 region fragment of IBRV. The detection could be completed at a constant temperature of 38 °C for 25 min, and the amplification products were easily visualized on a simple LFD. The detection limit of this assay was 5 copies per reaction of IBRV DNA and there was no cross-reactivity with other viruses causing bovine gastrointestinal and respiratory infections or other herpesviruses. The assay performance on acute-phase high fever clinical samples collected from cattle with no vaccine against IBRV, which were suspected to be infected with IBRV, was validated by detecting 24 fecal, 36 blood, 38 nasal swab and 8 tissue specimens, and compared with SYBR Green I based real-time PCR. The coincidence between IBRV LFD-RPA and real-time PCR was 100%.ConclusionIBRV LFD-RPA was fast and much easier to serve as an alternative to the common measures used for IBRV diagnosis, as there is reduction in the use of instruments for identification of the infected animals. In addition, this assay may be the potential candidate to be used as point-of-care diagnostics in the field.

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Epidemiology and control of bovine herpesvirus 1 infection in Europe

Cited by 112 publications

References 98 publications

Evidence of natural interspecific recombinant viruses between bovine alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5

Evidence of natural interspecific recombinant viruses between bovine alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)

Rapid detection of infectious bovine Rhinotracheitis virus using recombinase polymerase amplification assays

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