Epidemiology and Clonality of Community‐Acquired Methicillin‐Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>in Minnesota, 1996–1998

Naimi, Timothy S.; LeDell, Kathleen H.; Boxrud, David; Groom, Amy V.; Steward, Christine D.; Johnson, Susan K.; Besser, John M.; O’Boyle, Carol; Danila, Richard; Cheek, James E.; Osterholm, Michael T.; Moore, Kristine A.; Smith, Kirk E.

doi:10.1086/322693

Cited by 331 publications

(264 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In vitro susceptibility to clindamycin (CL), trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, erythromycin (ER), quinolone antibiotics and tetracyclines has frequently been reported (Hussain et al, 2000;Groom et al, 2001;Naimi et al, 2001). The macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS B ) family of antibiotics is commonly used in the treatment of staphylococcal infections (Fiebelkorn et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococci

Yılmaz

Aydın

İskender

et al. 2007

Journal of Medical Microbiology

116

104

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Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are recognized as causing nosocomial and community-acquired infections in every region of the world. The resistance to antimicrobial agents among staphylococci is an increasing problem. Clindamycin (CL) is considered to be one of the alternative agents in these infections. This study demonstrates a simple, reliable method (double-disc diffusion test) for detecting inducible resistance to CL in erythromycin-resistance (ER-R) isolates of S. aureus and CNS. A total of 883 (52.3 %) isolates of S. aureus and 804 (47.7 %) isolates of CNS were selected from recent (2003)(2004)(2005) clinical isolates recovered in the laboratory of the authors; duplicate isolates were not included. A total of 214 (12.6 %) S. aureus and 308 (18.3 %) CNS isolates were selected based on ER-R and CL sensitivity using standard National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards disc diffusion testing. A total of 1687 staphylococcal isolates were included, consisting of 27.5 % meticillin-resistant S. aureus, 24.8 % meticillin-sensitive S. aureus, 36.1 % meticillin-resistant CNS and 11.6 % meticillin-sensitive CNS isolates: 30.9 % of staphylococcal isolates (214 S. aureus and 308 CNS) that were erythromycin resistant and CL sensitive were tested for inducible resistance using the D-test. A D-shaped zone around the CL was observed for 70.9 % of staphylococcal isolates (81.8 % of S. aureus isolates and 63.3 % of CNS isolates) with an ER-R and a clindamycin-sensitive (CL-S) phenotype. The organism was positive for inducible clindamycin resistance (CL-R). There was a 21.9 % level of inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance phenotype among all the staphylococcal isolates. When the S. aureus and CNS strains among all the staphylococcal isolates were compared statistically, inducible CL-R in CNS strains was determined to be 23 % more positive (P=0.028, odds ratio 0.77, 95 % confidence interval 0.61-0.98). When a statistical comparison was performed among ER-R but CL-S staphylococcal isolates inducible CL-R in S. aureus strains was determined to be 2.6 times more positive (P=0.000, odds ratio 2.6, 95 % confidence interval 1.68-4.04). A simple, reliable method of detecting inducible resistance to CL in ER-R isolates of S. aureus and CNS is described. Clinical microbiology laboratories should use the double-disc diffusion test as standard practice with all ER-R staphylococci. CL should not be used in patients with infections caused by inducibly resistant staphylococcal isolates. Therapeutic failures may thus be avoided.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococci

Yılmaz

Aydın

İskender

et al. 2007

Journal of Medical Microbiology

116

104

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“…Recently, strains of methicillin (oxacillin)-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) have been recovered from infections in community settings (8,11,27,44,49,64) and among the urban poor in San Francisco, California (12). Most community MRSA strains harbored the lukF-PV and lukS-PV determinants, which encode the PantonValentine leucocidin (PVL) toxin (20,26,28,35,43).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Strain of Community-AssociatedMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus WidelyDisseminated in the UnitedStates

et al. 2006

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A highly stable strain of Staphylococcus aureus with a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type of USA300 and multilocus sequence type 8 has been isolated from patients residing in diverse geographic regions of the United States. This strain, designated USA300-0114, is a major cause of skin and soft tissue infections among persons in community settings, including day care centers and correctional facilities, and among sports teams, Native Americans, men who have sex with men, and military recruits. The organism is typically resistant to penicillin, oxacillin, and erythromycin (the latter mediated by msrA) and carries SCCmec type IVa. This strain is variably resistant to tetracycline [mediated by tet(K)]; several recent isolates have decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. S. aureus USA300-0114 harbors the genes encoding the Panton-Valentine leucocidin toxin. DNA sequence analysis of the direct repeat units within the mec determinant of 30 USA300-0114 isolates revealed differences in only a single isolate. Plasmid analysis identified a common 30-kb plasmid that hybridized with blaZ and msrA probes and a 3.1-kb cryptic plasmid. A 4.3-kb plasmid encoding tet(K) and a 2.6-kb plasmid encoding ermC were observed in a few isolates. DNA microarray analysis was used to determine the genetic loci for a series of virulence factors and genes associated with antimicrobial resistance. Comparative genomics between USA300-0114 and three other S. aureus lineages (USA100, USA400, and USA500) defined a set of USA300-0114-specific genes, which may facilitate the strain's pathogenesis within diverse environments.

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“…Primarily, MRSA strains have been reported to be the causative agents of hospital infections in humans. In the early 1990s, MRSA strains were isolated from the general population in the USA (Naimi et al, 2001) and in 2005 from farmed animals (Voss et al, 2005). However, detection of MRSA in animals, including also the farmed ones, was reported even much earlier (Devriese et al, 1972).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus at a goat breeding farm

Šťástková¹,

Karpíšková²,

Karpíšková³

2009

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to report the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains at a veterinary university goat breeding farm and their characteristics. A total of 278 samples collected from animals, milk, environment and farm personnel between June 2006 and March 2008 were examined. The identification of S. aureus isolates was performed by a species specific PCR assay. All detected isolates were tested for resistance to oxacillin and other antimicrobials by phenotypic methods and for the mecA gene by PCR method. Eight MRSA were detected in this study. Five of them originated from goat's milk and three were recovered from one human carrier of the farm personnel. All obtained MRSA isolates were clonally consistent and were characterized as: SCCmec type IV, spa type t064, seb positive and for genes encoding TSST-1, PVL and exfoliative toxins A and B negative.

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Epidemiology and Clonality of Community‐Acquired Methicillin‐ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin Minnesota, 1996–1998

Cited by 331 publications

References 27 publications

Detection and prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococci

Detection and prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococci

Characterization of a Strain of Community-AssociatedMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus WidelyDisseminated in the UnitedStates

Occurrence of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus at a goat breeding farm

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