Epidemiology and clinical spectrum of Brazilian purpuric fever. Brazilian Purpuric Fever Study Group

Harrison, Lee H.; Silva, G A da; Pittman, Margaret; Fleming, David W.; Vranjac, Alexandre; Broome, C V

doi:10.1128/jcm.27.4.599-604.1989

Cited by 47 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, a history of recent conjunctivitis was more common among case children than among controls, an association that was found in the Londrina, Promissão, and Serrana outbreaks ( Table 2) (22). In all three outbreaks, approximately 90% of BPF case children had a history of preceding conjunctivitis a mean of 1 to 2 weeks before the onset of BPF.…”

Section: Epidemiologic Features Of Bpfmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Weeks made a similar observation 3 years later in the United States (62). The organism subsequently became known as the Koch-Weeks bacillus and then, after being assigned a variety of other names, as H. aegyptius (22,46).…”

Section: Nomenclature and Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Based on these outbreaks, BPF became reportable in the São Paulo State notifiable disease surveillance system. During 1987 and 1989, 29 BPF cases were reported from four cities in São Paulo State: Nova Granada, Serra Azul, Serrana, and Votuporanga (22). Of these, two were definite cases (one with the BPF clone isolated from blood and another that met the case definition) and nine were possible cases (defined below), including one with the BPF clone isolated from a brother and another with a BPF clone strain isolated from a sister.…”

Section: Sporadic Cases During 1987 and 1988mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,2008 EMERGENCE AND DISAPPEARANCE OF BPF 597 on April 30, 2020 by guest http://cmr.asm.org/ definite BPF case was modified to incorporate this new information (Table 5). A possible case was defined by fever, hemorrhagic skin lesions, and a recent history of conjunctivitis (22). The first case-control study, conducted in Promissão, was used to look broadly at possible risk factors for BPF, with the hopes of identifying the etiology of this new disease.…”

Section: Epidemiologic Features Of Bpfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weeks subsequently described many of the microbiological, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics of H. aegyptius, including the highly contagious nature of this organism and its propensity to cause large epidemics of conjunctivitis (63,64). The first studies identifying H. aegyptius as an agent of purulent conjunctivitis reported that the seasonality of conjunctivitis in tropical regions coincided with the highest density of some fly species of the genera Hippelates and Liohippelates, which are commonly found in Brazil (7,12,18,22,38,44). The transmission of H. aegyptius to a culture dish from a gnat taken from the eye of a young child with conjunctivitis was subsequently described by Pittman et al (22).…”

Section: Nomenclature and Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence and Disappearance of a Virulent Clone of Haemophilus influenzae Biogroup aegyptius, Cause of Brazilian Purpuric Fever

2008

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SUMMARY In 1984, children presented to the emergency department of a hospital in the small town of Promissão, São Paulo State, Brazil, with an acute febrile illness that rapidly progressed to death. Local clinicians and public health officials recognized that these children had an unusual illness, which led to outbreak investigations conducted by Brazilian health officials in collaboration with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The studies that followed are an excellent example of the coordinated and parallel studies that are used to investigate outbreaks of a new disease, which became known as Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF). In the first outbreak investigation, a case-control study confirmed an association between BPF and antecedent conjunctivitis but the etiology of the disease could not be determined. In a subsequent outbreak, children with BPF were found to have bacteremia caused by Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius (H. aegyptius), an organism previously known mainly to cause self-limited purulent conjunctivitis. Molecular characterization of blood and other isolates demonstrated the clonal nature of the H. aegyptius strains that caused BPF, which were genetically distant from the diverse strains that cause only conjunctivitis. This led to an intense effort to identify the factors causing the unusual invasiveness of the BPF clone, which has yet to definitively identify the virulence factor or factors involved. After a series of outbreaks and sporadic cases through 1993, no additional cases of BPF have been reported.

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Section: Epidemiologic Features Of Bpfmentioning

confidence: 74%