Epidemiology and clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 in children

Choi, Soo-Han; Kim, Han Wool; Kang, Joong Koo; Kim, Dong Hyun; Cho, Eun Young

doi:10.3345/cep.2020.00535

Cited by 183 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Discussion | Although this report is limited by small numbers, the data show that (1) the overall morbidity of COVID-19 in pediatric patients with cancer is low with only 5% requiring hospitalization for symptoms of COVID-19; (2) that the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection among asymptomatic pediatric patients is very low; (3) that unrecognized SARS-CoV-2 infection in asymptomatic caregivers is a major infection control consideration; and (4) that consistent with the sex difference previously seen in adults with critical disease, 5 there is a male bias in SARS-CoV-2 infections in children, suggesting a biological basis in skewed infectivity. This report suggests that pediatric patients with cancer may not be more vulnerable than other children [2][3][4] to infection or morbidity resulting from SARS-CoV-2. Although the asymptomatic SARS-CoV carrier rate in children in the general population is not known, our testing of 120 asymptomatic pediatric patients with cancer revealed only a 2.5% rate of SARS-CoV-2 positivity.…”

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confidence: 82%

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COVID-19 in Children With Cancer in New York City

et al. 2020

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Data on the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children, [1][2][3][4] and in children with cancer specifically have been limited. Less than 1% of cases reported from China were in children younger than 10 years. 3 The MSK Kids pediatric program at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) is one of the largest pediatric cancer programs in the US. Starting in mid-March, 2020, we instituted a screening and testing plan to mitigate risk associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

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confidence: 82%

“…Data on the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children, [1][2][3][4] and in children with cancer specifically have been limited. Less than 1% of cases reported from China were in children younger than 10 years.…”

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confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in Children With Cancer in New York City

et al. 2020

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“…It is well known that pediatric cases are generally identified at that time in a familial cluster or and generally are infected by one sick parent or family member. According to a study, 71.2% (183/257) of infected children were reported having a household contact [29]. In another study by Lu, 90.1% of patients were reported to be with family clusters [30].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in children

2020

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IntroductionMany cases of pneumonia with an unknown origin were observed in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China [1,2]. It was reported that most of these patients exposed to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market. The disease spread rapidly, to other parts of China, and then globally, to many countries across six continents.On January 3, 2020, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) confirmed a novel member of enveloped RNA coronavirus as the cause of this disease 1 . The World Health Organization (WHO) described it as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) on January 7, 2020. After a short period, WHO has declared the COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern on January 30 2 . Since then, the disease affected 1 Tan WJ, Zhao X, Ma XJ. A novel coronavirus genome identified in a cluster of pneumonia cases-Wuhan, China 2019−2020. China CDC Weekly 2020; 2:61-2. 2 World Health Organization (2020). WHO Director-General's statement on IHR Emergency Committee on Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) [online]. Website https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-statement-on-ihr-emergency-committeeon-novel-coronavirus-(2019-nCov) [accessed 03 March 2020]. 3 World Health Organization (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report -80 [online]. Website https://www. who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200409-sitrep-80-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=1b685d64_4 [accessed 10 April 2020]. more than 177 countries globally. On February 11, 2020, this illness was named as the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by WHO [3].The first cases detected in Europe were reported from France on January 24, 2020, many European countries reported cases following France. In a short time, many people from many different countries in Europe were affected [4]. The first case from Turkey was reported on March 13, 2020. By April 9, there were 1,436,198 confirmed COVID-19 cases in the world, and total deaths were 85,522 3 .The first confirmed pediatric case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 infection was reported in Shenzhen on January 20 [5], and by January 31, more than 20 pediatric cases were reported in China Abstract: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was firstly reported at the end of 2019. The disease rapidly spread all around the world in a few months and was declared a worldwide pandemic by WHO in March 2020. By April 9, there were 1,436,198 confirmed COVID-19 cases in the world, nearly with 6% mortality rate. This novel infectious disease causes respiratory tract illness that may generally occur as mild upper respiratory tract disease or pneumonia. In older patients and/or patients with underlying conditions, it may result in acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi organ failure and even death. According to the current literature, children account approximately for 1%-5% of diagnosed COVID-19 cases. Generally, COVID-19 seems to be a less severe disease for children than adults. Approximately 90% of pediatric patients are diagnosed as asymptomatic, mild, o...

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“…After removing duplicates, the first search yielded eight systematic reviews [5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Three of them were eliminated because they did include information on clinical characteristics in children [7][8][9].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three of them were eliminated because they did include information on clinical characteristics in children [7][8][9]. Therefore, we evaluated five systematic reviews done at different periods during the pandemic and thus including somewhat different primary studies [10][11][12][13] [13] included 45 studies from China (the total number of patients was not described) up to March 19, 2020. And Streng et al [14] included 8 studies from China (ranging from 6 to 2,143 patients) and one survey from Germany (33 patients) in hospitalized children, up to March 31, 2020.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asthma and COVID-19 in children – a systematic review and call for data

Castro-Rodriguez

Forno

2020

Preprint

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Rationale:Whether asthma constitutes a risk factor for COVID-19 is unclear. Methods:We performed a systematic literature search in three stages: First, we reviewed PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL for systematic reviews of SARS-CoC-2 and COVID-19 in pediatric populations, and reviewed their primary articles; next, we searched PubMed for studies on COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 and asthma/wheeze, and evaluated whether the resulting studies included pediatric populations; lastly, we repeated the second search in BioRxiv.org and MedRxiv.org to find pre-prints that may have information on pediatric asthma. Results:In the first search, eight systematic reviews were found, of which five were done in pediatric population; after reviewing 67 primary studies we found no data on pediatric asthma as a comorbidity for COVID-19. In the second search, we found 25 results in PubMed, of which five reported asthma in adults, but none included data on children. In the third search, 14 preprints in MedRxiv were identified with data on asthma, but again none with pediatric data. We found only one report by the U.S. CDC stating that 40/345 (~11.5%) children with data on chronic conditions had "chronic lung diseases including asthma". Conclusion:There is scarcely any data on whether childhood asthma (or other pediatric respiratory diseases) constitute risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 severity. Studies are needed that go beyond counting the number of cases in the pediatric age range.

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Epidemiology and clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 in children

Cited by 183 publications

References 30 publications

COVID-19 in Children With Cancer in New York City

COVID-19 in Children With Cancer in New York City

Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in children

Asthma and COVID-19 in children – a systematic review and call for data

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