Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus from domestic animals and livestock in Africa: a systematic review

Ocloo, Remous; Nyasinga, Justin; Munshi, Zubair; Hamdy, Aisha; Marciniak, Tessa; Soundararajan, Manonmani; Newton-Foot, Mae; Ziebuhr, Wilma; Shittu, Adebayo; Revathi, Gunturu; Abouelfetouh, Alaa; Whitelaw, Andrew

doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.1059054

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…The detection of novel STs was not unexpected, especially considering the huge diversity found in the latter species, and the ecological niche investigated combined with the limited international dog trafficking in sub-Saharan Africa. The presence of Staphyloccoccaceae in African dogs was previously investigated, with a focus on clinical samples ( 21 ). Overall, two species, namely S. epidermidis and S. pseudintermedius , were predominantly reported in these studies even if M. lentus , S. haemolyticus, and S. cohnii were also identified on rare occasions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine Staphylococcaceae circulating in a Kenyan animal shelter

Akarsu,

Liljander,

Lacasta

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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Animal shelters, especially in resource-poor countries, bring together pets from different regions and with different backgrounds. The crowding of such animals often results in infectious diseases, such as respiratory infections. This study characterized Staphylococcaceae from diseased and apparently healthy dogs housed in an animal shelter in Kenya, to determine their antibiotic resistance profiles, their genetic relatedness, and the presence of dominant clones. Therefore, bacteria were collected from all 167 dogs present in the shelter in June 2015 and screened for Staphylococcaceae using standard cultivation techniques. In all, 92 strains were isolated from 85 dogs and subsequently sequenced by PacBio long-read sequencing. Strains encompassed nine validated species, while S. aureus ( n = 47), S. pseudintermedius ( n = 21), and Mammaliicoccus (M.) sciuri ( n = 16) were the three most dominant species. Two S . aureus clones of ST15 (CC15) and ST1292 (CC1) were isolated from 7 and 37 dogs, respectively. All 92 strains isolated were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations. In all, 86 strains had resistance-associated minimal inhibitory concentrations to at least one of the following antimicrobials: tetracycline, benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, trimethoprim, kanamycin/gentamicin, or streptomycin. Many virulence-encoding genes were detected in the S. aureus strains, other Staphylococcaceae contained a different set of homologs of such genes. The presence of mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids and prophages, known to facilitate the dissemination of virulence- and resistance-encoding genes, was also assessed. The unsuspected high presence of two S . aureus clones in about 50% of dogs suggests dissemination within the shelter and a human source. IMPORTANCE Microbiological data from sub-Saharan Africa are scarce compared to data from North America, Europe, or Asia, and data derived from dogs, the man’s best friend, kept in sub-Saharan Africa are largely missing. This work presents data on Staphylococcaceae mainly isolated from the nasal cavity of dogs stationed at a Kenyan shelter in 2015. We characterized 92 strains isolated from 85 dogs, diseased and apparently healthy ones. The strains isolated covered nine validated species and we determined their phenotypic resistance and characterized their complete genomes. Interestingly, Staphylococcus aureus of two predominant genetic lineages, likely to be acquired from humans, colonized many dogs. We also detected 15 novel sequence types of Mammaliicoccus sciuri and S. pseudintermedius indicating sub-Saharan-specific phylogenetic lineages. The data presented are baseline data that guide antimicrobial treatment for dogs in the region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A better understanding of the potential reservoirs in different regions of the world and the circulation of MDR Staphylococcaceae is definitively needed. While such information is progressively acquired especially in developed countries, there is a lack of information in other parts of the world including the African continent ( 21 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Staphylococcaceae circulating in a Kenyan animal shelter

Akarsu,

Liljander,

Lacasta

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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“…The whole genome sequencing on all isolates was performed on the NextSeq 2000 (Illumina) utilizing the P2 (300) cycle kit reagents (Illumina,San Diego, CA). Whole genome sequence analysis was performed as described by Ocloo et al, 2022 (22)…”

Section: Dna Extraction and Whole Genome Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Little is known about the prevalence and epidemiology of staphylococcus other than S. aureus (SOSA),especially in Africa (4), and only a few cases of SOSA transmission between humans and animals have been reported globally (12,13). A recent systematic review showed that most research on SOSA in animals is focused on cattle (11). However, pigs are one of the most common livestock globally and in South Africa (14,15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococci on Commercial Pig Farms in Cape Town, South Africa

Remous,

Mae,

Chabuka

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Nasal swabs were collected from 143 apparently healthy pigs and 21 pig farm workers, and 45 environmental swabs of feed and water troughs, from two commercial pig farms in the Western Cape, South Africa. Staphylococci were isolated, identified using mass-spectrometry, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing and Illumina whole genome sequencing were performed. One hundred and eighty-five (185) Staphylococcus spp. isolates were obtained, with Mammalicoccus sciuri (n = 57; .31%) being the most common, followed by S. hyicus (n = 40; 22%) and S. aureus (n = 29; 16%). S. epidermidis was predominantly seen in the farm workers (n=18; 86%). Tetracycline resistance was observed across all species, with rates ranging from 67% to 100%. Majority of M. sciuri isolates (n = 40; 70%) were methicillin resistant, with 78% (n = 31) harbouring mecA. M. sciuri isolates had genes/elements which were associated with SCCmec_type_III (3A) & SCCmec_type_VIII(4A) and were mostly observed in ST61 strains. ST239 strains were associated with SCCmec_type_III(3A). High rates of tetracycline resistance were identified among staphylococci in the pig farms in Western Cape, South Africa. This highlights the need for policy makers to regulate the use of this antibiotic in pig farming.

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“…SOSA in animals is becoming more pathogenic increases antibiotic resistant and can potentially disseminate to humans [ 18 ]. In the U.S., mortality caused by MRSA remains the highest for any antibiotic-resistant pathogen, reported by the CDC to be at ~20,000 in 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of mecA Genes in Hospital-Acquired MRSA and SOSA Strains Associated with Biofilm Formation

González-Vázquez,

Córdova-Espinoza,

Escamilla-Gutiérrez

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Methicillin-resistant (MR) Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and others, except for Staphylococcus aureus (SOSA), are common in healthcare-associated infections. SOSA encompass largely coagulase-negative staphylococci, including coagulase-positive staphylococcal species. Biofilm formation is encoded by the icaADBC operon and is involved in virulence. mecA encodes an additional penicillin-binding protein (PBP), PBP2a, that avoids the arrival of β-lactams at the target, found in the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This work aims to detect mecA, the bap gene, the icaADBC operon, and types of SCCmec associated to biofilm in MRSA and SOSA strains. A total of 46% (37/80) of the strains were S. aureus, 44% (35/80) S. epidermidis, 5% (4/80) S. haemolyticus, 2.5% (2/80) S. hominis, 1.25% (1/80) S. intermedius, and 1.25% (1/80) S. saprophyticus. A total of 85% were MR, of which 95.5% showed mecA and 86.7% β-lactamase producers; thus, Staphylococcus may have more than one resistance mechanism. Healthcare-associated infection strains codified type I-III genes of SCCmec; types IV and V were associated to community-acquired strains (CA). Type II prevailed in MRSA mecA strains and type II and III in MRSOSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus). The operon icaADBC was found in 24% of SA and 14% of SOSA; probably the arrangement of the operon, fork formation, and mutations influenced the variation. Methicillin resistance was mainly mediated by the mecA gene; however, there may be other mechanisms that also participate, since biofilm production is related to genes of the icaADBC operon and methicillin resistance was not associated with biofilm production. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen surveillance to prevent the spread of these outbreaks both in the nosocomial environment and in the community.

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Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus from domestic animals and livestock in Africa: a systematic review

Cited by 7 publications

References 120 publications

Canine Staphylococcaceae circulating in a Kenyan animal shelter

Canine Staphylococcaceae circulating in a Kenyan animal shelter

Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococci on Commercial Pig Farms in Cape Town, South Africa

Detection of mecA Genes in Hospital-Acquired MRSA and SOSA Strains Associated with Biofilm Formation

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