Dr. Paul Richard Neukirch (1885-1962) was one of the physicians at the German Red Cross mission for Erzincan, Turkey instated in February 1915. Here Dr. Neukirch diagnosed the Bacillus Erzincan (Erzindjan) in certain clinical forms of paratyphoid fever. He returned to the German Red Cross Hospital Istanbul in the fall of 1915 to continue his research on the identical bacteria, which has been subsequently classified as Salmonella paratyphi C. His medical publications in Germany during the war led to the recognition of the bacteria and stimulated further clinical and laboratory studies on the disease. The biography of Bacillus Erzincan complements the divided life story of Dr. Paul R. Neukirch (a.k.a. Paul R. Newkirk).