Epidémiologie Des Anomalies Morphologiques Néonatales En Milieu Hospitalier À Kara (Nord Togo) De 2014 À 2019

Abstract

La rareté apparente des malformations néonatales cliniquement décelables au Nord Togo a motivé la présente étude de série de cas visant à décrire l’aspect épidémiologique de ces malformations en milieu hospitalier. La prévalence des malformations néonatales était de de 3,6 pour 1000 naissance vivantes. Les malformations retrouvées concernaient essentiellement la tête et la face (37,2%), les membres (33%) et la colonne vertébrale (14,9%), les organes génitaux externes (9,4%) et l’abdomen (6,3%). Les nouveau-nés malformés étaient issus pour la plupart des mères âgées entre 26 et 30 ans (31,25%), ménagères (67,2%), et de niveau scolaire primaire (47%). Les facteurs de risque susceptibles d’être responsables de la survenue des malformations congénitales sont l’âge maternel avancé, le bas niveau socio-économique, l’alcoolisme, et la multiparité (43,7%).
 The apparent rarity of clinically detectable neonatal malformations in North Togo motivated the present case series study aimed at describing the epidemiology of these malformations in hospital settings. The prevalence of neonatal malformations was 3.6 per 1000 live births. The malformations found mainly concerned the head and face (37.2%), limbs (33%) and spine (14.9%), external genitalia (9.4%) and abdomen (6.3%). The malformed newborns were mostly from mothers aged between 26 and 30 years (31.25%), housewives (67.2%), and primary school level (47%). The risk factors likely to be responsible for the occurrence of congenital malformations are maternal advanced age, low socioeconomic status, alcoholism, and multiparity (43.7%).

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Congenital Malformations in Morocco

“…In the literature, multiparity and advanced maternal age are identified as factors that increase the risk of having a child with congenital anomalies (13,29,42). This aligns with our findings, which demonstrate a statistically significant association between multiparity and the occurrence of malformations in offspring (P = 0.002).…”

“…In our study, maternal age was also significantly associated with the occurrence of malformations (P = 0.001), with the highest incidence observed in the 18 -35 age group (62.3%), indicating that mothers in this age group are most likely to give birth to malformed children. This result parallels findings from northern Togo, where the 26 -30 age group was most affected by congenital malformations (29).…”

“…This rate significantly correlates with a woman's education level and, inversely, with her socioeconomic status and the stage of pregnancy (41). Indeed, a low socioeconomic status often relates to poor pregnancy follow-up and inadequate prevention of congenital malformations (29).…”