Epidemiological waves - Types, drivers and modulators in the COVID-19 pandemic

Harvey, John; Chan, Bryan; Srivastava, Tarun; Zarebski, Alexander E.; Dłotko, Paweł; Błaszczyk, P.; Parkinson, Rachel H.; White, Lisa J.; Águas, Ricardo; Mahdi, Adam

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16015

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The COVID-19 data were extracted at 17:00 GMT daily from each mentioned source, then stored in a database and published daily via the Arctic COVID-19 dashboard. 6 The collected database represents the best available data for the Arctic. Although different jurisdictions may have differences in data collection and reporting strategies, which could introduce bias in the results, the quality of the collected data at both national and regional levels (with a possible exception for Russia) adheres to the standards commonly used in Europe and North America (45,46).…”

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them, WHO designated the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron parent lineage as variants of concern based on their high transmissibility and virulent nature that can undermine the effectiveness of public health and social measures, including vaccines and therapeutics (5). Because of these variants, the whole world, including remote regions like the Arctic, experienced numerous epidemiological waves of infections and deaths (6)(7)(8). As of June 21, 2023, more than 768 million cases and 6.9 million deaths, globally, have been confirmed due to the pandemic (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Regional geographies and public health lessons of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Arctic

Tiwari,

Petrov,

Golosov

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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ObjectivesThis study examines the COVID-19 pandemic’s spatiotemporal dynamics in 52 sub-regions in eight Arctic states. This study further investigates the potential impact of early vaccination coverage on subsequent COVID-19 outcomes within these regions, potentially revealing public health insights of global significance.MethodsWe assessed the outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic in Arctic sub-regions using three key epidemiological variables: confirmed cases, confirmed deaths, and case fatality ratio (CFR), along with vaccination rates to evaluate the effectiveness of the early vaccination campaign on the later dynamics of COVID-19 outcomes in these regions.ResultsFrom February 2020 to February 2023, the Arctic experienced five distinct waves of COVID-19 infections and fatalities. However, most Arctic regions consistently maintained Case Fatality Ratios (CFRs) below their respective national levels throughout these waves. Further, the regression analysis indicated that the impact of initial vaccination coverage on subsequent cumulative mortality rates and Case Fatality Ratio (CFR) was inverse and statistically significant. A common trend was the delayed onset of the pandemic in the Arctic due to its remoteness. A few regions, including Greenland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Northern Canada, Finland, and Norway, experienced isolated spikes in cases at the beginning of the pandemic with minimal or no fatalities. In contrast, Alaska, Northern Sweden, and Russia had generally high death rates, with surges in cases and fatalities.ConclusionAnalyzing COVID-19 data from 52 Arctic subregions shows significant spatial and temporal variations in the pandemic’s severity. Greenland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Northern Canada, Finland, and Norway exemplify successful pandemic management models characterized by low cases and deaths. These outcomes can be attributed to successful vaccination campaigns, and proactive public health initiatives along the delayed onset of the pandemic, which reduced the impact of COVID-19, given structural and population vulnerabilities. Thus, the Arctic experience of COVID-19 informs preparedness for future pandemic-like public health emergencies in remote regions and marginalized communities worldwide that share similar contexts.

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Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%