Epidemiological trends of urinary tract infections, urolithiasis and benign prostatic hyperplasia in 203 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019

Abstract

Background Urinary tract infections (UTI), urolithiasis, and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are three of the most common nonmalignant conditions in urology. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive and updated epidemiological data. This study aimed to investigate the disease burden of UTI, urolithiasis, and BPH in 203 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Methods Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019, including incident cases, deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and corresponding age-standardized rate (ASR) from 1990 to 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to evaluate the trends of ASR. The associations between disease burden and social development degrees were analyzed using a sociodemographic index (SDI). Results Compared with 1990, the incident cases of UTI, urolithiasis, and BPH increased by 60.40%, 48.57%, and 105.70% in 2019, respectively. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of UTI increased (EAPC = 0.08), while urolithiasis (EAPC = − 0.83) and BPH (EAPC = − 0.03) decreased from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of UTI and urolithiasis were 3.13/100,000 and 0.17/100,000, respectively. BPH had the largest increase (110.56%) in DALYs in the past three decades, followed by UTI (68.89%) and urolithiasis (16.95%). The burden of UTI was mainly concentrated in South Asia and Tropical Latin America, while the burden of urolithiasis and BPH was recorded in Asia and Eastern Europe. Moreover, the ASIR and SDI of urolithiasis in high-SDI regions from 1990 to 2019 were negatively correlated, while the opposite trend was seen in low-SDI regions. In 2019, the ASIR of UTI in females was 3.59 times that of males, while the ASIR of urolithiasis in males was 1.96 times higher than that in females. The incidence was highest in the 30–34, 55–59, and 65–69 age groups among the UTI, urolithiasis, and BPH groups, respectively. Conclusion Over the past three decades, the disease burden has increased for UTI but decreased for urolithiasis and BPH. The allocation of medical resources should be based more on the epidemiological characteristics and geographical distribution of diseases.

Global and Regional Burden of Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections in 2019

“…In GBD 2019, UTI was defined as kidney infection that can lead to systemic symptoms such as fever and weakness and can cause discomfort and difficulty with daily activities, including nephritis, cystitis, and urethritis. The ICD-10 codes for UTI are N10, N10.0, N10.9, N11, N11.0, N11.1, N11.8, N11.9, N12, N12.0, N12.9, N13.6, N15, N15.1, N15.8, N15.9, N16, N16.0–N16.5, N16.8, N30, N30.0–N30.3, N30.8–N30.9, N34, N34.0–N34–3, and N39.0 [ 9 , 13 ].…”

“…Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common bacterial infections leading to clinic visits and can cause serious sequelae, such as renal damage and urosepsis [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. In 2019, the global incident cases of UTI were 0.4 billion, an increase of 60.40% from 1990 [ 9 ]. Consistent with the rapid increase in the UTI burden, the ominously rising burden of bacterial AMR in UTI has also been observed.…”

Alterations of gut microbiota diversity, composition and metabonomics in testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia rats

“…Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases of older men, affecting about 42% by age fifty and about 80% by age eighty [ 10 ], this proportion increased to 90% by age 85 [ 10 – 12 ]. Men with BPH usually exhibit a range of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), including frequent and urgent urination, nocturia, urine hesitance, and reduced urination [ 10 , 13 ], which can lead to urinary dysfunction and have a negative impact on quality of life [ 14 ]. BPH has been considered as a complex inflammatory condition which is influenced by the oral and gut microbiota [ 15 – 18 ].…”

Comparative Efficacy of Different Drugs for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis

“…Recent epidemiological surveys indicate a significant increase in the global incidence of BPH, with the prevalence of this condition increasing by 105.70% from 1990 to 2019. The burden of BPH is concentrated in Asia and Eastern Europe, and its incidence is the highest in the 65–69 age group ( Zhu et al, 2021 ). A large-scale prospective cohort study pointed out that the incidence and progression rate of LUTS are very high and rise sharply with age in men ( Platz et al, 2012 ).…”