Epidemiological trends of hormone-related cancers in Slovenia

Zadnik, Vesna; Krajc, Mateja

doi:10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2731

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Stratified analysis was performed according to the years since tuberculosis diagnosis and sex. SIRs were computed for total, non-pulmonary, tobacco-related [19], alcohol-related [19], haematological, hormone-related [20, 21] and site-specific cancers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-pulmonary cancer risk following tuberculosis: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Lithuania

Everatt

Kuzmickienė

Davidavičienė

et al. 2017

Infect Agents Cancer

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BackgroundLithuania remains one of the highest tuberculosis burden countries in Europe. Epidemiological studies have long pointed to infections as important factors of cancer aetiology, but the association between tuberculosis and the risk of non-pulmonary cancers has rarely been tested and results have been inconsistent. The aim of this population-based cohort study was to examine the risk of cancer among patients diagnosed with tuberculosis using data from Lithuanian Tuberculosis, Cancer and Resident’s Registries.MethodsThe study cohort included 21,986 tuberculosis patients yielding 1583 cancers diagnosed during follow-up (1998–2012). Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to compare the incidence of cancer among cohort participants with the general population for overall, non-pulmonary, site-specific cancers, as well as for subgroups of smoking-related, alcohol-related, hormone-related and haematological cancers.ResultsThe SIRs of all cancers combined were 1.89, 95% CI: 1.79–2.00 in men and 1.34, 95% CI: 1.19–1.50 in women. Risk was increased 3-fold within the first year following diagnosis; it decreased during later years, although remained significantly elevated for ≥5 years. Elevated long-term increased risks persisted for non-pulmonary cancers overall, and for cancers of mouth and pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, larynx, cervix uteri and leukaemias. Tuberculosis was associated with a decreased risk of melanoma. Increased risks were observed for smoking-related cancers in men (SIR 1.95, 95% CI: 1.79–2.13) and women (SIR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.22–1.73), alcohol-related cancers in men (SIR 2.40; 95% CI: 2.14–2.68) and haematological cancers in men (SIR 1.73, 95% CI: 1.33–2.23). The risk of hormone-related cancers was 18% lower (SIR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.66–0.997) among women, the inverse association was weaker among men (SIR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.84–1.07).ConclusionsThe risk of total and several non-pulmonary cancers was elevated in a cohort of tuberculosis patients. The recommendation for the awareness of this association among physicians is warranted. Analysis suggests a reduction in risk of hormone-related cancers and melanoma.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-pulmonary cancer risk following tuberculosis: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Lithuania

Everatt

Kuzmickienė

Davidavičienė

et al. 2017

Infect Agents Cancer

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“…Despite our ecological study design, we made some profound observations connecting EDP to ERC. Meanwhile, this is not the first study to observe EDP and ERC's association [29][30][31]. For example, the correlation between DDT, its metabolites, and ERC has been famously described [13,[32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen Disrupting Pesticides in Nebraska Groundwater: Trends between Pesticide-contaminated Water and Estrogen-related Cancers in An Ecological Observational Study

New-Aaron

Naveed

Rogan

2021

Water

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Estrogen disrupting pesticides (EDP) are pesticides that modify estrogen activities in estrogen-producing vertebrates. A substantial amount of these pesticides has been detected in human tissues, and they function directly to disrupt estrogen synthesis or effector cells. This study examines EDP’s ecological distribution across Nebraska counties and its association with estrogen-related cancers (ERC). To determine the ecological distribution of selected EDP, county-level choropleth maps were created. Moreover, EDP was tested in separate linear regression models with different ERC to determine the association between ERC and EDP across Nebraska counties. Exposure data for this county-level study was obtained from the quality assessed agrichemical contaminant Nebraska groundwater database between 1 January 1974 and 31 December 2012. Acetochlor, atrazine, and its metabolites, deethylatrazine (DEA), and de-isopropyl atrazine (DIA) were the most frequently detected EDP in Nebraska groundwater. Moreover, Nebraska county-level potential confounder for ERC such as physically unhealthy days, % adult smoking, % obese adult, % uninsured, and % binge drinking were obtained from County Health Rankings 2010. ERC, which is the outcome variable (breast cancer, uterine cancer, and prostate cancer), were obtained from the Nebraska State profile of the National Cancer Institute. This was expressed as county-level age-standardized incidence cancer rates between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017. Data characteristics were determined using percentages, mean, median, 25th and 75th percentile, minimum and maximum values. The relationship between county-level cancer rates and % wells positive for pesticides after adjusting for the county level potential confounders were analyzed in a linear regression model. Water supply wells positive for atrazine and DEA were observed to cluster in the South and South East districts of Nebraska. Furthermore, breast cancer and prostate cancer incidence rates were higher in the southeast of Nebraska with more atrazine and DEA. However, breast cancer and prostate cancer were not significantly associated in a linear regression model with any of the observed EDP. In contrast, uterine cancer was statistically associated with % water supply wells positive for acetochlor (β = 4.01, p = 0.04). While consistent associations were not observed between ERC and EDP from the GIS and the linear regression model, this study’s results can drive future conversation concerning the potential estrogenic effects of acetochlor, atrazine, and its metabolites on the incidence of breast, uterine and prostate cancer in the State of Nebraska.

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“…Zadnik and Krajc used the Cancer Registry of the Republic of Slovenia (CRS) to analyze incidence data between 1961 and 2011 for six hormone-related cancers (breast, ovarian, endometrial, prostate, testicular, and thyroid). They reported that the incidence of breast, endometrial, and prostate cancers is rising in the population aged 55 and over.…”

Section: Health Register Shortcomingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective on Health Effects of Endocrine Disruptors with a Focus on Data Gaps

FitzGerald

2020

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Screening for endocrine disrupting properties at the molecular and cellular level is developing rapidly, but can epidemiology bridge the gap to human health impact? Reviews by the World Health Organization and the United States Endocrine Society listed diseases which may be related to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Much of the evidence relating these diseases to EDCs is from animal and epidemiological studies, many with significant weaknesses. What human health data sources are available? Some examples are provided from Nordic countries, Denmark, France, Switzerland, and the United States. Health register shortcomings are noted, including diagnostic criteria and “signal-to-noise” ratio (high background incidence rates). Issues with exposure assessment (human biomonitoring), data governance (FAIR principles), legislative hurdles, and patient consent are also illustrated. For all the above reasons, it is clear why generating reliable long-term data for human diseases putatively associated with EDCs has not yet been achieved and thus why it is difficult to bridge the gap between molecular/cellular/animal toxicity data and human health risks of EDCs. This will require international cooperation, sustained support, and public acceptance.

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Epidemiological trends of hormone-related cancers in Slovenia

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Non-pulmonary cancer risk following tuberculosis: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Lithuania

Non-pulmonary cancer risk following tuberculosis: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Lithuania

Estrogen Disrupting Pesticides in Nebraska Groundwater: Trends between Pesticide-contaminated Water and Estrogen-related Cancers in An Ecological Observational Study

Perspective on Health Effects of Endocrine Disruptors with a Focus on Data Gaps

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