Epidemiological Transition of End-Stage Kidney Disease in Oman

Abstract

IntroductionThe number of persons receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) is estimated at more than 2.5 million worldwide, and is growing by 8% annually. Registries in the developing world are not up to standards compared to the United States Renal Data System (USRDS). Herein we examine the causes, progression, and magnitude of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) over 3 decades in Oman.MethodsWe examined ESKD data from 1983 to 2013. Data from 1998 to 2013 were obtained through an Information Management System. Data before 2008 were collected from patients’ files. A questionnaire based on USRDS form 2728 was completed by nephrologists once a citizen reached ESKD.ResultsA total of 4066 forms were completed, with a response rate of 90% (52% male). The mean (SD) age was 50.1 (14.0) years. By 31 December 2013, there were 2386 patients alive on RRT, of whom 1206 were on hemodialysis (50.5%), 1080 were living with a functioning kidney transplant (45.3%), and 100 were receiving peritoneal dialysis (4.2%). The incidence of ESKD on RRT was 21, 75, and 120 per million population in 1983, 2001, and 2013, respectively. Similarly, the prevalence of ESKD was 49, 916, and 2386 in 1983, 2001, and 2013 respectively. Among patients with ESKD on RRT, a progressive rise was seen in diabetic nephropathy, with 5.8%, 32.1%, and 46% in 1983, 2001, and 2013 respectively.DiscussionThe incidence and prevalence of ESKD has increased progressively over last 30 years. This is anticipated to continue at an even higher rate in view of the progressive rise in noncommunicable diseases. Continuous improvement in registries is required to improve capturing of ESKD patients for providing accurate data to health authorities, and enhancing public awareness of the magnitude, future trends, treatments, and outcomes regarding ESKD.

Transplant tourism and invasive fungal infection

“…Commercial transplant tourism accounts for almost 10% of the total transplants worldwide per year (Akoh, 2012). The present authors have previously reported that commercial transplant tourism accounts for almost 75% of RTX in Oman (Al Ismaili et al, 2017). In the present study, it was found that all of the commercial transplants in cases diagnosed with IFI were performed at various locations in Pakistan.…”

“…In Oman, despite finding no difference between the sexes in the incidence of ESKD (Al Ismaili et al, 2017), it was found that 54% of patients with ESKD who underwent renal replacement therapy were male (Al Ismaili et al, 2017). However, there is a slight predominance of males in overall transplant cases, and this difference between the sexes is even more pronounced in commercial cases, with males constituting 76.9% of such transplant recipients (Al Ismaili et al, 2017). This might be because of inherent cultural favoritism towards supporting males to obtain a transplant, as they are often considered the main breadwinner.…”

Untitled

“…The epidemiological transition of end-stage kidney disease in Oman was examined by using the End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) data from1983 to 2013 [12]. Data from 1998 to 2013 were obtained through an Information Management System.…”

Relationship between socio-demographic, clinical factors, and quality of life in adults living with diabetic nephropathy

“…2,7 DN and CKD in Oman are increasing, and the health care expenditures are about 3.8-5.3 million Omani Riyals (OMR) per year for renal replacement therapy. 8 The kidney disease deaths in Oman reached 3.32% of the total deaths with the age-adjusted death rate estimated at 25.79 per 100,000 of population. 9 DN and CKD directly affects the quality of life and productivity and cause exhaustion of health care resource and financial stress.…”