Epidemiological survey of dermatophytosis in Damascus, Syria, from 2008 to 2016

Ismail, Mohammad Taher; Al-Kafri, Abeer

doi:10.18869/acadpub.cmm.2.3.32

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Dermatophytosis is a fungal infectious disease caused by dermatophytes, which produce protease and keratinase to digest keratin, leading to the colonization, invasion, and infection of the stratum corneum of the skin, hair shafts, and nails [1]. Tinea corporis is a common dermatophytosis that involves smooth skin, except for the scalp, hair, palms, nails, and genital area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous dermatophytosis and keratomycosis caused by Trichophyton interdigitale infection: a case report and literature review

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2019

BMC Infect Dis

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BackgroundDermatophytosis is a fungal infectious disease caused by dermatophytes, which produce protease and keratinase to digest keratin, leading to the colonization, invasion, and infection of the stratum corneum of the skin, hair shafts, and nails. Trichophyton interdigitale belongs to Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex, which is the common pathogen causing dermatophytosis. Fungal keratitis, also called keratomycosis, is an infectious disease of cornea.Case presentationHere, we report a case of simultaneous dermatophytosis and keratomycosis caused by Trichophyton interdigitale. A 67-year-old man presented with extensive erythema all over the body since 4 years ago, fungal infection of left eye for 2 years, and loss of vision in the eye. These symptoms had become aggravated in the last month. Dermatological examinations showed extensive erythematous plaques with clear borders and scales, scattered red papules with ulceration, and scabs throughout the body. Onychomycosis was observed on the nails of left hand, conjunctival infection with secretion and loss of vision were noted in left eye. Hyaline septate hyphae were observed under direct microscopic examination, fungal culture and internal transcribed spacer sequencing revealed T. interdigitale. Histopathological examination suggested infectious granuloma. A diagnosis of dermatophytosis and keratomycosis caused by T. interdigitale with loss of vision in left eye was made. The patient was treated with luliconazole cream (two applications per day) and itraconazole (100 mg, BID, PO). Complete clinical remission was achieved after 1 month. Subsequently, the patient underwent left eye enucleation in the ophthalmology department.ConclusionsIn the present study, we reported a case of simultaneous dermatophytosis and keratomycosis caused by T. interdigitale, and reviewed the literature on corneal infection caused by Trichophyton. A total of 10 articles with 45 patients were published between 1973 and 2018. The pathogen of 27 patient were identified to species level. There were T. schoenleinii (17), T. mentagrophytes (4), T. verrucosum (3), T. rubrum (1), T. erinacei (1), and T. interdigitale (1). Five patients had corneal trauma, one had contact lens use history. Direct microscopic examination, fungal culture, and analysis of physiological characteristics were the main methods of identification. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment may help improve the management and outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous dermatophytosis and keratomycosis caused by Trichophyton interdigitale infection: a case report and literature review

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2019

BMC Infect Dis

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“…Epidemiological studies on tinea manuum have been carried out in several countries: Denmark, 3 Poland, 8,34 Greece, 22,27,48 Libya, 13,14 Senegal, 51 Nigeria, 40 Syria, 52 Iran, 9,16,20,23,30,32,36,37,44,45,47,50,53,55 China, 24,35,46 Japan 33,42 and the United States. 1,2 Incidence of tinea manuum is extremely changeable: 4.4% of all superficial mycoses in Poland, 8 .5% in Greece, 27 .6% in Libya, 13,14 in Syria, 52 from 4.2 37 to 16.4% 50 in Iran, 13.5% in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidemiological studies on tinea manuum have been carried out in several countries: Denmark, Poland, Greece, Libya, Senegal, Nigeria, Syria, Iran, China, Japan and the United States . Incidence of tinea manuum is extremely changeable: 4.4% of all superficial mycoses in Poland,.5% in Greece,.6% in Libya, in Syria, from 4.2 to 16.4% in Iran, 13.5% in China . No data are available about incidence of tinea manuum in Italy and in particular in the metropolitan area of Milan; however, it is highly likely that the incidence is lower than 2% of all cases of superficial mycoses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tinea manuum: A report of 18 cases observed in the metropolitan area of Milan and review of the literature

Veraldi

Schianchi

Benzecry

et al. 2019

Mycoses

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Summary Objective Tinea manuum is considered in Italy as an uncommon infection, although no recent epidemiological data are available. Methods In the period 2000‐2018, we observed in the metropolitan area of Milan 18 patients with mycologically tinea manuum. Results The infection was monolateral in all patients and characterised by erythema and scaling; in two patients, each vesicles and pustules were present. Two patients had also onychomycosis of one fingernail. No cases of simultaneous tinea pedis were observed. As far as the job of these patients is concerned, seven of them were masseurs, three barbers, two cattlemen, two masons, one car mechanic, one florist, one maid and one veterinarian. Trichophyton rubrum was isolated in 6 patients, Microsporum canis in 4, Trichophyton gypseum in 3, Trichophyton verrucosum in 3 and Trichophyton violaceum in 2 patients. Conclusion Masseurs were the most affected. Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis were the most frequent isolated dermatophytes.

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“…1 The global prevalence of dermatophytosis ranges between 6.5-68%. [2][3][4][5][6] In India, the prevalence of dermatophytosis is very high (62.28%-75.6%). [7][8][9][10] Expert consensus on The Management of Dermatophytosis recommends itraconazole as one of the preferred drugs for the systemic treatment of Indian patients with dermatophytosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of physical and dissolution characteristics of various itraconazole capsule formulations: a comparative analysis

et al. 2019

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Background: This in vitro study compared physical parameters and the dissolution profile of innovator itraconazole capsule formulation, i-Tyza, and 5 other generic capsule formulations available in the Indian market.Methods: The number of pellets and size distribution were determined using naked eye examination and sieving method, respectively. Dissolution profile of formulations was done at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes, using a United States Pharmacopeia type II Paddle apparatus in simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) without enzymes, acetate buffer (pH 4.5) with 0.5% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), and phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) with 0.5% SLS.Results: All formulations had capsule size 0. Capsule fill weight (~335 to ~510 mg) and total pellet number (127 to 810) varied across formulation, with the innovator brand having the highest number of pellets. Innovator product and i-Tyza had similar fill weight (~460 mg). Pellet size distribution of the innovator product, brand 2, brand 3, and i-Tyza was relatively narrow. In SGF, except brand 1 (84% dissolved) and brand 5 (80% dissolved), all the formulations had near-complete (>85% drug dissolved) or complete dissolution (>90% drug dissolved) at 60 minutes. In acetate buffer, pH 4.5 with 0.5% SLS and phosphate buffer, pH 6.8 with 0.5% SLS, only the innovator product and i-Tyza demonstrated near-complete to complete dissolution at 60 minutes (96% and 90% dissolved).Conclusions: Across all the itraconazole generic formulations evaluated, i-Tyza had comparable physical characteristics and dissolution profile to the innovator product. The in vitro dissolution profile of i-Tyza may indicate adequate in vivo performance.

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Epidemiological survey of dermatophytosis in Damascus, Syria, from 2008 to 2016

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Simultaneous dermatophytosis and keratomycosis caused by Trichophyton interdigitale infection: a case report and literature review

Simultaneous dermatophytosis and keratomycosis caused by Trichophyton interdigitale infection: a case report and literature review

Tinea manuum: A report of 18 cases observed in the metropolitan area of Milan and review of the literature

Assessment of physical and dissolution characteristics of various itraconazole capsule formulations: a comparative analysis

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