Epidemiological survey and genetic evolution of H3N2 subtype influenza viruses from stray dogs in Shanghai, China

Shen, Hai-Xiao; Ge, Fei-Fei; Li, Xin; Liu, Jian; Ju, Hou-Bing; Yang, De-Quan; Yang, Xianchao; Wang, Jian; Zhao, Hongjin

doi:10.1007/s11262-020-01748-2

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In China, avian-origin H3N2 CIV infection in pet dog was traced to 2006 (Li et al, 2010). H3N2 CIVs circulate in pet dogs, farmed dogs, and running dogs in many provinces of China, of which the majority are of avian-origin (Li et al, 2010;Lin et al, 2012;Su et al, 2013;Yang et al, 2014;Shen et al, 2020). The similarity index values of avian-origin H3N2 CIVs were higher than those of AIVs, and these indicated that H3N2 CIVs acquired adaptation in canine (Li et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, few CIVs fall into human/swine lineage, such as Guangxi isolates (Chen et al, 2015), which indicates that those viruses might originate from swine or human influenza viruses. CIVs have become increasingly diverse (Song et al, 2012;Moon et al, 2015;Na et al, 2015;Chen et al, 2018;Lyu et al, 2019;Shen et al, 2020) and have zoonotic potential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Characteristics, Antigenicity, Pathogenicity, and Zoonotic Potential of a H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus Currently Circulating in South China

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Canine influenza viruses (CIVs) could be a source of influenza viruses which infect humans because canine are important companion pets. To assess the potential risk of H3N2 CIVs currently circulating in southern China to public health, biological characteristics of A/canine/Guangdong/DY1/2019 (CADY1/2019) were detected. CADY1/2019 bound to both avian-type and human-type receptors. CADY1/2019 had a similar pH value for HA protein fusion to human viruses, but its antigenicity was obviously different from those of current human H3N2 influenza viruses (IVs) or the vaccine strains recommended in the North hemisphere. CADY1/2019 effectively replicated in the respiratory tract and was transmitted by physical contact among guinea pigs. Compared to human H3N2 IV, CADY1/2019 exhibited higher replication in MDCK, A549, 3D4/21, ST, and PK15 cells. Sequence analysis indicated that CADY1/2019 is an avian-origin virus, and belongs to the novel clade and has acquired many adaptation mutations to infect other mammals, including human. Taken together, currently circulating H3N2 CIVs have a zoonotic potential, and there is a need for strengthening surveillance and monitoring of their pathogenicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characteristics, Antigenicity, Pathogenicity, and Zoonotic Potential of a H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus Currently Circulating in South China

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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“…The result of BEAST showed the tMRCA of CIV H3N2 may be earlier than previously thought. 30 It is well known that PB1 is related to the pathogenicity of the influenza virus. But what role did PB1 played during this divergence period deserves further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In experimental settings, CIVs demonstrated efficient growth and horizontal transmission in both canine and feline hosts 9–11 . According to our previous research, the CIVs infection rate is very high among urban stray dogs, which raises our concerns about biosafety risk 12 . Notably, a 2012 study indicated that a novel H3N1 virus affecting dogs arose via the reassortment of a human‐origin H1N1 influenza virus and an avian‐origin H3N2 CIV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11] According to our previous research, the CIVs infection rate is very high among urban stray dogs, which raises our concerns about biosafety risk. 12 Notably, a 2012 study indicated that a novel H3N1 virus affecting dogs arose via the reassortment of a human-origin H1N1 influenza virus and an avian-origin H3N2 CIV. In addition, a 2015 study showed that a novel CIV reassortment, H3N2, containing the polymerase acidic (PA) genomic segment from the H9N2 pandemic avian influenza, was isolated from a dog in South Korea.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary dynamics of H3N2 canine and feline influenza virus strains from 2006 to 2019

Shen

Yang

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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H3N2 feline influenza virus (FIV) and canine influenza virus (CIV) are very common in cats and dogs. Due to the ability of the influenza virus to spread across hosts and frequent contact between pets and people, there exist huge public health problems. In this study, we collected H3N2 CIV and FIV genomes from 2006 to 2019 from NCBI and analyzed the evolutionary dynamics and molecular variation using a series of phylogenetic analysis methods. Results indicated that H3N2 FIVs were closely related to CIVs with high posterior probability and CIVs and FIVs have certain regional characteristics. However, compared with previous studies, the significance of geographical structure correlation decreased. Furthermore, we also found that the intrasubtypic reassortment between FIVs and CIVs were common during epidemics. The integrated analysis was also performed for different selection pressure acting on HA (566 codons), NA (469 codons), M1 (252 codons), and M2 (97 codons) proteins. One HA, two NA, three M1, and two M2 sites were found under positive selection. We subsequently performed the evolutionary dynamics of H3N2 CIV. The results indicated that the time of the most recent common ancestor of CIV H3N2 may have occurred earlier than indicated in a previous study. The Bayesian skyline plot analysis in this study showed the period of divergence of major H3N2 CIVs segments occurred between 2008 and 2010. Notably, according to our research, the PB1 has experienced two divergence periods (2006–2008 and 2009–2011).

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The biological characteristics and infection dynamics of a novel H3N2 canine influenza virus genotype in beagles

Ge,

Shen,

Yang

et al. 2024

Virol J

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Background The canine influenza virus (CIV) outbreak has garnered considerable attention as it poses a significant threat to dog health. During the H3N2 CIV evolution in beagles, the virus formed a new clade after 2019 and gradually became more adaptable to other mammals. Therefore, successfully elucidating the biological characteristics and constructing a canine influenza infection model is required for CIV characterization. Methods We performed genetic analyses to examine the biological characteristics and infection dynamics of CIV. Results The genotype of our H3N2 CIV strain (from 2019 in Shanghai) belonged to the 5.1 clade, which is now prevalent in China. Using MDCK cells, we investigated viral cytopathic effects. Virus size and morphology were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Beagles were also infected with 104, 105, and 106 50% egg-infectious doses (EID50). When compared with the other groups, the 106 EID50 group showed the most obvious clinical symptoms, the highest virus titers, and typical lung pathological changes. Our results suggested that the other two treatments caused mild clinical manifestations and pathological changes. Subsequently, CIV distribution in the 106 EID50 group was detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining, which indicated that CIV primarily infected the lungs. Conclusions The framework established in this study will guide further CIV prevention strategies.

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Epidemiological survey and genetic evolution of H3N2 subtype influenza viruses from stray dogs in Shanghai, China

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Molecular Characteristics, Antigenicity, Pathogenicity, and Zoonotic Potential of a H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus Currently Circulating in South China

Molecular Characteristics, Antigenicity, Pathogenicity, and Zoonotic Potential of a H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus Currently Circulating in South China

Phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary dynamics of H3N2 canine and feline influenza virus strains from 2006 to 2019

The biological characteristics and infection dynamics of a novel H3N2 canine influenza virus genotype in beagles

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