Epidemiological surveillance of multidrug‐resistant gram‐negative bacteria in a solid organ transplantation department

Abstract

In settings where CR gram-negative bacteria are endemic, colonization and infection rates by these bacteria are high among SOT recipients. Implementation of enhanced ICM in all related units of a hospital, although challenging, reduces colonization rates by CR gram-negative bacteria.

Antibiotics resistance and mitigation strategies in healthcare settings: A scoping review

“…The key outcome measures reported across the studies included consumption of targeted antimicrobials and/ or associated costs 112,113,132,[114][115][116][117]122,123,128,131 , incidence of Clostridium difficile 112,113,[123][124][125]127,[114][115][116][117][119][120][121][122] or incidence and/ resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae 128,129,144,[130][131][132][133][134]137,139,143 as well as risk on other HCAIs 114,121,123,127,130,137,139 . Additional outcomes included containment of an outbreak of the targeted organisms 135,136,138,[140][141][142]…”

“…The interventions involved various cadres of professionals namely infectious disease (ID) experts 113,114,124,125,139 , consultants 117,130,139,141,145 , nurses 113,125,140,141,144,145,127,128,130,133,134,[137][138][139] , doctors 116,[123][124][125]137 , physicians 112,113,138,139,141,143,145,115,117,118,122,124,127,128,133 , pharmacists 112,[115][116][117]122,[124]...…”

“…One study involving a flagging system for confirmed cases, isolation precautions, and a carbapenems restriction policy in a 1000-bed tertiary university hospital simply indicated there was a reduction in the use of meropenem 128 patients prospectively in the solid organ transplant (SOT) department. The increase in the incidence of other carbapenem resistant organisms was attributed to the intrahospital transfer of carriers to the SOT department and the subsequent transfer of post-surgical patients to the ICU where they were allegedly colonized by bacteria 137 . There are no studies that reported on the impact of interventions on mortality associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae in healthcare settings.…”

Infections due to multidrug‐resistant organisms following heart transplantation: Epidemiology, microbiology, and outcomes

“…Understanding the epidemiology and microbiology of MDRO bacterial infections in HT recipients is timely and necessary for identification of risk factors. Male gender, older age, length of hospital stay, admission to intensive care unit, use of post‐transplant hemodialysis, use of invasive devices, prior colonization, and exposure to a variety of antimicrobials have frequently been cited as risk factors for acquisition of MDR or XDR infections among SOT patients . While we can learn from other organ transplant populations, risk factors for MDRO infections specific to HT need to be investigated given the unique nature of the transplant surgical procedure conferring site‐specific risk of infection and differences in microbial flora.…”

The Value of Adding Surveillance Cultures to Fluoroquinolone Prophylaxis in the Management of Multiresistant Gram Negative Bacterial Infections in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

“…The use of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis (FP) in endemic settings is a matter of debate, as they result in an increasing prevalence of resistant microorganisms and may reduce the efficacy of subsequent antibacterial treatment [6]. Routine active surveillance cultures (SC) from gastrointestinal tract and contact precautions in colonized patients have proven to be useful in intensive care and solid organ transplantation settings [7,8] but its cost-effectiveness in AML is to be demonstrated [9]. Furthermore, there is no international agreement on how to organize and implement active surveillance control measures for the detection of colonized AML [10].…”