Epidemiological Study of Mastitis in Three Different Strains of Beetal Goat in Selected Districts of Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

Mastitis in goats, analogous to dairy cattle, is among the momentous diseases of economic value in all parts of the world. Local information of epidemiology of goat mastitis is scanty. In the present study, considering geographical distribution of Beetal goat, 172 flocks were randomly pulled out by "Survey tool box" to reduce biased sampling from perie-urban and urban areas of six districts of Punjab. By following the proportionate sampling strategy and assuming the highest population (70%) of Beetal all over the Punjab, Beetal strains were screened for the prevalence of mastitis from Faisalabad, Jhang, Chiniot, Bahawalpur, Muzzafargarh and Rajanpur districts. Screening of the flocks with surf field mastitis test indicated that overall prevalence of caprine mastitis in Beetal breed was 17.39% while in Beetal Faisalabadi strain 16.53% from 116 flocks, in Beetal Makhicheeni 18.06% from 32 flocks and in Beetal Nuqri 19.33% from 24 flocks. Microbiological examination of milk samples showed various types of mastitic microorganisms. The predominant isolates included Staphylococcus (S). hyicus (45%), S. xylosus (19%), S. simulans (16%), S. aureus (9%) and unidentifiable Staphyloccocal species (11%). Antibiotic sensitivity test was conducted on the most prevalent isolates. S. aureus and S. hyicus showed sensitivity to eight antibiotics: amoxicillin, ampicilin, lincomycin, sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim, novobiocin, enrofloxacin, amoxicillin+ clavulanic acid and oxytetracycline while S. xylosus was sensitive to all antibiotics except novobiocin and S. simulans was sensitive to lincomycin, sulfamethoxazole+ trimethoprim, enrofloxacin and resistant to all other antibiotics. The study found over all 16.74% mastitis in different strains of Beetal. The most important parameters as; type of housing, farm hygiene, age, stage of lactation, parity, color, body condition score, teat ends, SFMT score and decreased milk yield were found pertinent risk factors so that prompt attention required for mastitis control in goats.

Incidence of Vancomycin Resistant Phenotype of the Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lahore

“…Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection is one of the most common nosocomial and community-acquired infections in humans and animals [1,2]. Almost 30% of the human population is asymptomatically colonized with commensal S. aureus [3,4].…”

“…Methicillin resistance is generally caused by mecA gene that encodes polypeptide PBP2a protein [8]. Within the past few decades, there has been an alarming increase in prevalence of antibiotic resistance in pathogens as well as in commensals [2]. Glycopeptides, especially vancomycin, are generally used against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) since the last few decades of 20th century [9].…”

Epidemiology and antibiogram of common mastitis-causing bacteria in Beetal goats

“…Oppositely to our findings, the prevalence of SCM is 76.7% and 15-79%, respectively, in goats, when screened with CMT [ 48 , 49 ]. Similarly, prevalence SCM is 32.4%, 39.2%, 38%, 40.2%, 47%, 14.3%, 38.8%, 19.9%, and 35.5%, respectively, by Saleem [ 4 ], Ali et al . [ 21 ], Altaf et al .…”

“…[ 21 ]. It was reported that Staphylococcus is more dominant in Pakistan in terms of SCM infections [ 4 ]. Similarly, it was reported that S. aureus was predominant in milk samples [ 21 ], while Manser (2000) recorded the incidence of catalase-negative Staphylococcus and catalase-positive staphylococci at 80% and 16%, respectively.…”

“…In total, 500 goats, irrespective of age, which were not treated with any kind of antimicrobial agents in the past 120 h, were screened using CMT as per the procedure described by Saleem [ 4 ], from July 2019 to December 2019. The study was conducted on both public and private farms and small households of every Union Council of Pattoki Tehsil, Kasur District, Punjab, Pakistan.…”