Epidemiological Studies on Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Detection, Prevalence, Exposure and Prevention

Nishioka, Kusuya

doi:10.1159/000150359

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(65 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…10 Other closely related flaviviruses, including hepatitis C and hog cholera virus, cause chronic infections following postnatal infection. 11,26 In addition to the chronic oophoritis observed following acute infection with BVDV, the potential consequences of chronically sequestered viruses in the ovary are considerable. If the detected virus is viable, selective pressures could allow the virus to mutate and reemerge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in the Ovaries of Cattle Acutely Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

Grooms¹,

Brock

Ward

1998

J VET Diagn Invest

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is recognized worldwide as a major cause of economic loss in cattle. Infection with BVDV can result in several clinical outcomes. However, the reproductive consequences may be the most important. Infertility, early embryonic death, abortion, and congenital anomalies have all been reported following acute infection with BVDV. The cause of infertility following acute BVDV infection is not known. BVDV has been isolated from the bovine ovary and has been associated with chronic oophoritis. The purpose of this study was to identify the ovarian cell types infected with BVDV following acute infection. Twelve heifers were acutely infected with noncytopathic BVDV, and ovariectomies were performed between 4 and 60 days postinfection. BVDV was isolated on days 6 and 8 postinfection. Viral antigen was detected in macrophage-like cells and stromal cells in the ovarian cortex and oophoritis was evident from 6 to 60 days postinfection. These findings indicate that acute infection with BVDV may result in changes in ovarian function that could lead to reduced fertility.Infection of cattle with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) can result in many clinical manifestations. 7 Reproductive effects may be the most important consequence following acute infection of susceptible cattle. Reduced fertility, early embryonic death, abortions, and various congenital anomalies have been reported to occur following acute BVDV infection. 25 Reduced fertility in cattle with BVDV infection has been reported and is often a significant complaint in herds where BVDV has been identified. 17,23 Although the mechanism of this reduced fertility has not been determined, several suggested explanations include failure of fertilization, 14 early embryonic death, 5 and ovarian dysfunction. 19 Herd fertility problems have also been associated with poor quality semen originating from bulls persistently infected with BVDV. 21 BVDV has been isolated from the ovaries of cattle experimentally infected with BVDV 27 and from ovaries collected from abattoirs. 8 Chronic oophoritis has also been described following acute infection with BVDV. 27 These findings could lead to changes in ovarian function, resulting in a reduction in fertility. Previous studies have suggested that ovarian function may be changed in cattle acutely 19 or persistently 15 infected with BVDV. The purpose of this study was to identify, using immunohistochemistry, ovarian cell types that are infected with BVDV following acute infection. Received for publication August 18, 1997.With an understanding of the cell types involved in BVDV infection of the ovary, hypotheses concerning potential causes of infertility manifested at the level of the ovary can be formulated. Materials and methodsTwelve postpubertal Angus heifers were determined to be BVDV negative by virus isolation and BVDV seronegative by virus neutralization assay. The heifers were infected intranasally with 5 ml of tissue culture medium containing 10 5 CCID 50 /ml of noncytopathic BVDV isolate...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in the Ovaries of Cattle Acutely Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

Grooms¹,

Brock

Ward

1998

J VET Diagn Invest

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…21 Prevalence studies have been undertaken in healthcare workers. Zuckerman and colleagues studied a large cohort of clinical healthcare workers in the UK and found a HCV seroprevalence of 0.28%.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Hepatitis Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C Virus: An Important Occupational Hazard?

Stevens¹,

Coyle²

2000

Occupational Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Infection with Heptatis C virus (HCV) is estimated to affect 3% of the world's population and is an important cause of liver disease. It is most commonly transmitted by percutaneous exposure. Although current evidence does not suggest an increased prevalence of HCV infection among healthcare workers, transmission of infection following occupational exposure has been demonstrated. An average transmission rate of 1.8%, following percutaneous injury, has been reported. The risk of transmission is higher from patients with viraemia, as measured by a positive polymerase chain reaction for HCV RNA. After exposure to HCV, healthcare workers should be actively followed up, initially using a test to detect viral RNA. This may faciliate earlier diagnosis and treatment. Recent reports in the UK, of transmission of infection to patients from HCV infected healthcare workers, have prompted a review of the appropriateness of HCV infected individuals undertaking exposure prone procedures.

show abstract

“…Worldwide, prevalence of infection is 0.3 to 4.0% (38). Since its molecular cloning, considerable advances have been made in the fields of diagnostics and molecular virology.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Expression of Interferon-Regulated Genes in the Liver of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Detection by Suppression-Subtractive Hybridization

Patzwahl

Meier

Ramadori

et al. 2001

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Epidemiological Studies on Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Detection, Prevalence, Exposure and Prevention

Cited by 19 publications

References 53 publications

Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in the Ovaries of Cattle Acutely Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in the Ovaries of Cattle Acutely Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

Hepatitis C Virus: An Important Occupational Hazard?

Enhanced Expression of Interferon-Regulated Genes in the Liver of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Detection by Suppression-Subtractive Hybridization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About