Epidemiological risk factors of knowledge and preventive practice regarding avian influenza among poultry farmers and live bird traders in Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria

Elelu, Nusirat

doi:10.1016/j.ijvsm.2017.03.002

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…By targeting all Eimeria species from a live bid market instead of a single poultry farm, our parasite detection rates should be higher [37] and our anticoccidial profile should be more representative of what is happening in the average chicken population in the field [35]. This is particularly so because live birds for sale at the market are often sourced from multiple farms [38], making such places important pathogen accumulation and distribution points [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Populations of Eimeria tenella express resistance to commonly used anticoccidial drugs in southern Nigeria

Ojimelukwe

Emedhem

Agu

et al. 2018

International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine

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Coccidiosis is one of the most economically important diseases of poultry. This study determined the preponderance of chicken Eimeria in southern Nigeria and assessed the parasite’s resistance to three anticoccidial drugs: Amprolium hydrochloride; Amprolium hydrochloride + Sulfaquinoxaline-Sodium; and Toltrazuril. Multiplex PCR amplification of the SCAR region was used to confirm Eimeria preponderance. Resistance was assessed following the inoculation of 2.32 × 105 infective oocysts into broilers. Data on weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and fecal oocyst shed were recorded. At 7 days post inoculation 9 birds per treatment were sacrificed and assessed for macroscopic lesions in four intestinal regions. Percent optimum anticoccidial activity (POAA), Anticoccidial index (ACI) and Anticoccidial sensitivity test (AST) were used to access resistance. The preponderance of Eimeria spp. were E. tenella (77%), E. necatrix (55%), E. acervulina (44%) and E. mitis (11%), with multi-species infection occurring in 55% of samples assessed. Fecal oocyst shedding was low (P < 0.05) in the medicated groups. Lesions in the cecal region were present in all infected groups regardless of treatment and accounted for 27.8% of lesion scores by severity and 37.5% of lesion scores by frequency. Overall, lesion scores were less (P < 0.05) in birds of the medicated groups compared with the infected-unmedicated group. The high preponderance of E. tenella in the field, and the occurrence of cecal lesions – caused mainly by E. tenella- despite drug administration, indicate resistance in populations of this species in our isolate. Based-on the POAA, ACI and AST values, the Eimeria isolate showed reduced sensitivity to toltrazuril.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Populations of Eimeria tenella express resistance to commonly used anticoccidial drugs in southern Nigeria

Ojimelukwe

Emedhem

Agu

et al. 2018

International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine

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“…The third category attempted to assign the responsibility elsewhere, either to buyers by making them aware of the animal's health condition or to the authorities who are responsible for issuing the pre-transportation veterinary certificate. In previous research among traders, lack of knowledge is a commonly stated reason for risky behaviours such as trading sick animals [30][31][32]34]. The traders in the current study trade diseased small ruminants for a span of different reasons and would therefore be likely to need different forms of intervention strategies to stop this risky behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…To date, only a limited number of studies have been performed with the purpose of understanding the knowledge, attitudes and practices of traders related to animal health and disease. The majority of these are in the form of quantitative questionnaire studies and cover poultry trade and avian influenza (AI) [30][31][32] or pig trade and African or classical swine fever (ASF and CSF) [33,34]. Many of these studies focus on determining factual knowledge levels.…”

Section: Previous Research On Trader Perceptions and Practices Relatementioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions and practices among Zambian sheep and goat traders concerning small ruminant health and disease

et al. 2020

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Trade in animals and animal products is a key factor in the transmission of infectious diseases. Livestock traders play an important role in this process, yet there is little knowledge of traders' perceptions of animal disease or their associated actions. The aim of this study was to investigate perceptions and practices of Zambian small ruminant traders with regard to sheep and goat health and disease. It also analysed how existing perceptions and practices might affect risks of disease transmission through trade. A case study was performed at the two largest small livestock markets in Zambia: the Lusaka market in the capital and the Kasumbalesa market near the border with the Democratic Republic of Congo. Semistructured interviews with 47 traders performed in April-May and September 2018 represent the core material. Zambian small ruminant traders frequently trade animals that have clinical signs of disease, either because they appear unaware or indifferent to the associated risks, experience financial constraints or assign responsibility for disease prevention to other value chain actors. In their decision about whether or not to sell a visibly sick small ruminant, traders appear to consider whether the clinical sign is perceived as 'natural' or the result of an illness, whether the buyer is aware of the animal's health condition, and whether the animal is sold for consumption or breeding purposes. Traders appear to regard the veterinary certificate required to transport small ruminants in Zambia as proof of health, placing the responsibility for potential disease in traded animals on the veterinary authorities. In their description of a model trader, taking good care of and being sensitive to customer needs was emphasized, indicating that an efficient way to encourage traders to change their behaviour is to influence customer demands. In contrast to the focus in previous studies on identifying and filling knowledge gaps, the present study show that lack of knowledge is not central to why traders engage in disease-transmitting behaviour. Greater awareness of other reasons for certain perceptions and practices could lead to the formulation of risk communication strategies and mitigation measures that are relevant for the local context, as well as alternative strategies for changing trader behaviour.

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“…Given the observed variable epidemiological knowledge about, and inadequate preventive practices against HPAI H5N1 among age groups, gender and education in this study, training courses for peer groups is recommended such that educated traders can share their knowledge with others. Formal education is a very important factor that can promote traders' knowledge about HPAI and practices of biosecurity measures, as previously reported (Kuo et al, 2011, Elelu, 2017. Furthermore, delivery of messages via intermediaries such as traders' union leaders is suggested as it can be more effective than mass media or government communication programs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Their belief that HPAI is lethal only in birds further predisposes them to risk of likely human infection with the virus. Previous studies have reported low level of preventive practices against AI at LBMs and attributed it to low perceived threat by the workers (Manabe et al, 2011;Elelu, 2017). Hence public health campaign strategies that will involve education on zoonotic related risks to people involved in poultry business is advocated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk perceptions and preventive preparedness towards avian influenza (H5N1) at live bird markets in North-central Nigeria: Public health implications

2018

Savannah Vet J

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Introduction: Live bird markets (LBMs) provide optimal conditions for transfer of infections, evolution of infectious pathogens and their transmission among animals and humans. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on poultry traders between October 2015 and May 2016 to assess their knowledge/awareness and zoonotic risk perceptions about HPAI H5N1, and biosecurity practices against the disease at LBMs in North-central Nigeria. Results: A total of 403 poultry traders: 261 bird vendors (67.8%) and 142 bird collectors (35.2%) with mean age of 42.3±12.3 years participated in the study. The majority of vendors (90.8%) and collectors (78.9%) reported that H5N1 outbreaks had occurred in Nigeria. Only 5.4% of vendors and 12.0% of collectors perceived handling of wild birds at markets to be of high zoonotic risk. Less than half of vendors (49.0%) and collectors (38.7%) practiced isolation of sick birds from the flocks as biosecurity measure. Vendors were less likely (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.37-0.89) to possess satisfactory knowledge about HPAI H5N1 than the collectors. Poultry traders with tertiary education were more likely (OR: 5.81; 95% CI: 2.91-11.60) to practice satisfactory biosecurity measures against HPAI H5N1 than traders with no formal education. Significance: Though most traders expressed appreciable epidemiological knowledge about HPAI H5N1, their levels of zoonotic risk perceptions and practices of biosecurity measures in the markets were suboptimal, posing public health challenges. Development of educational programmes and regulatory measures that will enhance poultry traders’ awareness level and better biosecurity management of zoonotic risks prevention and control at LBMs is recommended.

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Epidemiological risk factors of knowledge and preventive practice regarding avian influenza among poultry farmers and live bird traders in Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Populations of Eimeria tenella express resistance to commonly used anticoccidial drugs in southern Nigeria

Populations of Eimeria tenella express resistance to commonly used anticoccidial drugs in southern Nigeria

Perceptions and practices among Zambian sheep and goat traders concerning small ruminant health and disease

Risk perceptions and preventive preparedness towards avian influenza (H5N1) at live bird markets in North-central Nigeria: Public health implications

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