Epidemiological investigation of physique situation for birth high-risk children aged 9-15 years in Chengdu, Southwest China

Abstract

Background: As the intrauterine environment can effect children's growth and development, this study aimed to explore the relationship between birth high-risk and physique situation of 9 to 15-year-old children by cross-sectional investigation, and to provide clues for the monitoring, prevention, and treatment of growth deviation in children. Materials and Methods: This study recruited 7,194 students aged 9 to 15 years in primary and junior schools. Their parents were asked to complete the birth situation questionnaire. Measurements included height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). Birth high-risk infant was defined according to the gestational age and birth weight. Growth deviation was classified as underweight, short stature, overweight, and obesity. Results: The prevalence of all kinds of growth deviations in preterm, full-term, and post-term birth groups were similar, the same as the physique situation at school age among both sexes. The incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) was 6.23%, when at school age, part of SGA had catch-up growth. However, the prevalence of underweight and short stature for SGA was highest in three groups. The weight and height at school age in SGA group was less than that in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) groups. The prevalence of overweight and obesity for LGA and macrosomia were highest in three groups. At school age, the weight in macrosomia and LGA groups was higher than that in the other groups. Conclusions: Longitudinal height and weight development and growth of children with birth high-risk are different from normal children. In order to improve healthy situation, more attention should be paid to height and weight development of those children with birth high-risk at school age, even in pre-school age. Prevention may already begin during pregnancy.

Small for date preterm infants and risk of higher blood pressure in later life: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Growth rates and later attained sizes are strongly associated, but, contrary to concerns, 11 SGA preterm and term infants are not at higher risk of later overweight than their non‐SGA counterparts 44,67,74–78 . Birthweight is influenced to some degree by the intrauterine environment.…”

“…Growth rates and later attained sizes are strongly associated, but, contrary to concerns, 11 SGA preterm and term infants are not at higher risk of later overweight than their non-SGA counterparts. 44,67,[74][75][76][77][78] Birthweight is influenced to some degree by the intrauterine environment. After birth, infants who are born small tend to remain small, 75,77,78 while those who are large tend to remain large and to have greater magnitudes of growth in childhood.…”

“…44,67,[74][75][76][77][78] Birthweight is influenced to some degree by the intrauterine environment. After birth, infants who are born small tend to remain small, 75,77,78 while those who are large tend to remain large and to have greater magnitudes of growth in childhood. 2,79,80 Ample evidence [12][13][14][15]17,24,28…”

“…Birthweight is influenced to some degree by the intrauterine environment. After birth, infants who are born small tend to remain small, 75,77,78 while those who are large tend to remain large and to have greater magnitudes of growth in childhood 2,79,80 . Ample evidence 12–15,17,24,28 contrary to the Barker hypothesis underlines the importance of examining studies' analytic methods to ensure that later body size and/or growth are not inappropriately “adjusted.”…”

A scoping review of school‐based anthropometric measurement

“…Given that over a third of studies collected data in the US, analyses regarding the references used to classify weight status were split into studies conducted in and outside of the US. The proportion of studies using different references outside and within the US is displayed in Studies conducted in the following countries used country-specific references: Brazil, 45,46 China, [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] Germany, [62][63][64][65][66] India, 67 Japan, 68 Poland, [69][70][71][72][73] Saudi Arabia, 74 South Korea, 75 Spain, 76 Sweden, 77 Taiwan, [78][79][80] Turkey, [81][82][83] and the United Kingdom. [84][85][86][87][88][89][90] One Polish study appeared to use a city-specific reference (treated as countryspecific).…”