Epidemiological Investigation of Noma in Papua Province in 2017

Kaimudin, Asrul; Hidajah, Atik Choirul

doi:10.20473/jbe.v8i12020.16-25

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This situation reflects the low level of welfare of the Papuan people so that it needs attention and also the lack of studies examining this issue. Several previous studies, such as Pudjohartono, et al (2019), Kaimudin & Hidajah (2020), Hasanah et al (2020), and Wulandari et al (2022) are still local and reactive to an extraordinary event, only descriptive and did not carry out an in-depth analysis of the factors that cause malnutrition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Determinant Factors of Malnutrition in Papuan Children Under Five Years: Structural Equation Model Analysis

Manongga

Yutomo

2023

IJOMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Malnutrition is a strategic problem in Indonesia, especially in Papua Province, which extends from urban to rural areas. The purpose of this study was to assess the situation of malnutrition and to find structural models of malnutrition in Papuan children in various ecosystem zones in Papua Province. The study was designed in a cross-sectional manner, where the selection of research sites used a multistage sampling procedure with stratification and cluster techniques. Data collection was done through structured interviews, observations, and field measurements. It used the least significant different test and Kruskal Wallis to determine whether there are differences in related variables between ecosystem zones. To test and assess the impact of malnutrition on child development, Structural Equation Modeling-Regression was used with a partial least squares approach. The results showed that the prevalence of undernourished children under five years old, short-nutrition, thin-nutrition, and fat-nutrition was widespread in all ecosystem zones. Malnutrition in the form of short children or stunting (TB/U) can be directly associated with social environmental factors. In order to minimize the problem of stunting in Papua, it is necessary to take steps, including improving the nutritional status and health of mothers and children, especially pregnant women, increasing access to food through a food-based approach, and intensifying program activities for basic health, environmental health, and clean water supply.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Determinant Factors of Malnutrition in Papuan Children Under Five Years: Structural Equation Model Analysis

Manongga

Yutomo

2023

IJOMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, several studies have shown that in countries where the condition is widespread, risk factors such as malnutrition, debilitating diseases like malaria and measles, close residential proximity to livestock are reported (44) (45). Moreover, respiratory or diarrheal syndrome and an altered oral microbiota have been reported as potential risk factors of Noma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mixed cross-sectional and case-control study approach to investigate the risk-factors of Noma/Cancrum oris in Ethiopia

Gebretsadik

Kiev

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Noma is a polymicrobial gangrenous facial disease affecting people living in the most impoverished areas of low- and middle-income countries. If left untreated, the disease is fatal or else severely disfigure people with the condition. The compromised immune system, poor oral hygiene, measle infection, diarrheal disease, inaccessibility to health education and proper medical care, and lack of a balanced diet and good sanitary facilities are found to be some of the predisposing factors for the development and progression of the disease. Furthermore, debilitating diseases like malaria and measles were considered as significant precursors to Noma. Materials and Method A mix of cross-sectional and case-control study approaches was conducted to assess the risk factors of Noma in Ethiopia. The raw data of the cases were obtained from Yekatik 12 Hospital, Facing Africa, and the Harar project Ethiopia. Three controls were selected per single case. The Odd ratio (ORs) and Chi-square test were calculated to rule out the statistical significance of the association observed between the factors and the disease. Results A total of 64 cases were selected for the case-control study. Considering the 1:3 case to control ratio, 192 matching controls were identified. Malaria, helminths, measle, diarrheal diseases, and living with domestic animals were found to be risk factors for Noma with a respective p-value < 0.01. Contrarily, the analysis has identified vaccination (p < 0.01) as a protective factor. Discussion Noma/face of poverty is mostly preventable by providing proper nutrition, sanitary and water facilities, awareness about the disease, oral health education, and vaccinations. Poverty-related diseases such as malaria, helminths infection, measle, diarrheal diseases, and unfavorable living conditions were identified to be the risk factor for Noma. As such the disease is truly preventable. Prevention of the disease can be achieved through promoting overall awareness of the disease, poverty reduction, improved nutrition, and promotion of exclusive breastfeeding in the first 3-6 months of life. Furthermore, optimum prenatal care, timely immunizations against common childhood diseases, initiating vaccination, and improving the social living conditions are the other preventive mechanisms. Moreover, long-lasting economic development should be considered to effectively and sustainably prevent the disease.

show abstract

“…In this 5 year old child, risk factors such as malnutrition and poor oral hygiene contributed to the occurrence of noma. 10 Because the case is rarely found in Indonesia, it could be possible that cases of noma will be unidentified due to lack of knowledge about this disease.…”

Section: Literature Review Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Noma: Penyakit Tropis yang Terabaikan

Reksodiputro

Yosia

2021

Oto Rhino Laryn Indones

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Noma is an orofacial gangrene often manifesting in malnourished children in developing and tropical countries. Epidemiological data on Noma are hard to find, but it is estimated that the global incidence of noma is 30-40,000 cases per year, with estimated mortality rate of about 85%. The cause of noma is multifactorial, but is often found in conjunction with malnutrition and with other diseases such as measles, malaria, and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) followed by poor oral hygiene. The pathogenesis of noma includes a rapidly spreading noninfectious gangrene infection of the face, often preceded by acute necrotizing gingivitis, and stomatitis. Microbiological studies show opportunistic infections caused by imbalance of normal intraoral microorganisms. The key to prevention is to increase food security, improve vaccination program against measles, prevention of malaria and HIV, and early detection and treatment of necrotic gingivitis and stomatitis. Early treatment with antibiotics can prevent gangrene or reduce the extent of the lesions. Late treatment consists of surgical rehabilitation, which is often hard to conduct. Access to medical care are usually very limited for noma patients due to their dire socioeconomic conditions who are often located in remote rural areas. Abstrak Noma adalah gangren orofasial yang menyerang anak-anak kekurangan gizi terutama di negara-negara berkembang dan negara-negara tropis. Data epidemiologi tentang noma sangat langka, tetapi perkiraan kejadian global saat ini adalah 30-40.000 kasus per tahun, dengan tingkat kematian sekitar 85%. Penyebab noma multifaktorial, namun sering ditemukan bersamaan dengan malnutrisi dan dengan penyakit lain seperti campak, malaria, dan human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). Seringpula keadaan berada bersamaan dengan kebersihan mulut yang buruk. Patogenesis noma meliputi infeksi gangren tidak menular yang menyebar cepat yang terjadi di wajah, sering didahului oleh gingivitis nekrosis akut, dan stomatitis. Studi mikrobiologi menunjukkan infeksi oportunistik yang disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbangan mikroorganisme intraoral normal. Pencegahan terletak pada ketahanan pangan, vaksinasi campak, pencegahan malaria dan HIV, termasuk deteksi dini dan pengobatan gingivitis nekrotis dan stomatitis. Pengobatan dini dengan antibiotik dapat mencegah gangren atau mengurangi luasnya lesi. Perawatan yang terlambat terdiri dari rehabilitasi bedah, yang seringkali rumit. Akan tetapi, akses ke perawatan medis sangat terbatas bagi pasien noma karena kondisi sosioekonomi mereka yang sangat memprihatinkan yang seringkali terletak di daerah pedesaan yang terpencil.

show abstract

Epidemiological Investigation of Noma in Papua Province in 2017

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Determinant Factors of Malnutrition in Papuan Children Under Five Years: Structural Equation Model Analysis

Determinant Factors of Malnutrition in Papuan Children Under Five Years: Structural Equation Model Analysis

A mixed cross-sectional and case-control study approach to investigate the risk-factors of Noma/Cancrum oris in Ethiopia

Noma: Penyakit Tropis yang Terabaikan

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About