Epidemiological features of hepatitis B and C in the Arctic Region

Zalyalov, Zalyalov B.A.; Pimenov, Pimenov N.N.; Komarova, Komarova S.V.; Karandashova, Karandashova I.V.; Chulanov, Chulanov V.P.; Well-Being, Moscow Human

doi:10.18565/epidem.2019.9.1.81-92

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“…The HBV genotype and sub-genotype distribution observed in the surveyed cohort was similar to that reported earlier in Yakutya, including amongst indigenous populations [ 17 , 18 ]. Despite the low HBV DNA detection rates in HBsAg reactive sera (53%), presumably due to low viral load, the HBV genotype was deduced in all the samples available for further testing using the ELISA HBV serotyping assay.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The prevalence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis D virus (HDV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in these populations varies significantly depending on the studied region and/or ethnic group [ 17 ]. In many native populations of Northern Siberia, the HBV infection is considered to be endemic based on the high detection rate of viral antigens and antibodies and the autochthonous HBV sub-genotypes observed in these groups [ 17 , 18 ]. However, due to the low coverage of the indigenous people of Yakutia with viral hepatitis screening programs and other related services, there are significant gaps in knowledge about the burden of hepatitis infections and genetic variants in the viruses circulating in these native populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis in the Indigenous Populations of the Arctic Zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Kichatova,

Lopatukhina,

Potemkin

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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The indigenous populations of the Arctic regions of Russia experience the lowest coverage of health-related services. We assessed the prevalence of hepatitis A, B, C, D and E viruses (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV and HEV) among 367 healthy adult Native people of the Arctic zone of Yakutia. The HAV seroprevalence was above and increased with age. The anti-HEV IgM and IgG antibody detection rates were 4.1% and 2.5%, respectively. The average HBsAg detection rate was 4.6%, with no positive cases identified in participants aged under 30 years, confirming the effectiveness of the newborn vaccination program that began in 1998. Anti-HDV antibodies were detected in 29.4% of HBsAg-positive cases. The anti-HCV and HCV RNA detection rates peaked in the age cohort of 50–59 years (10.8% and 3.9%). No statistically significant gender differences in the prevalence of different viral hepatitis were observed. The time-scaled phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all HBV genotype A and D strains isolated in this study were autochthonous and had an estimated most common recent ancestor (MCRA) age of around the 11th to 14th century. Unlike HBV, the HCV strains of subtypes 1b, 2a and 2k/1b were introduced from other regions of Russia in the 1980s and 1990s. The HCV 1b sequence analysis revealed a series of transmission events. In conclusion, these data emphasize the urgent need for expanded viral hepatitis screening and care programs in the indigenous populations of the Arctic zone of Yakutia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%